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Nanomicrobiology pp 75–101Cite as

Carboxysomes and Their Structural Organization in Prokaryotes

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Abstract

Carboxysomes are the archetypical examples of primitive proteinaceous organelles found in bacteria, collectively termed bacterial microcompartments (BMCs). Recent studies using current techniques for imaging and structural elucidation have resulted in a quantum leap of our mechanistic understanding of structure/function relationships in these bacterial inclusions. Bioinformatic analysis of the rapidly growing collection of sequenced bacterial genomes has revealed that BMCs of different types appear to be widely employed by microbes to organize their metabolism in much the same way that eukaryotes use sensu stricto organelles. This review focuses on some recently revealed properties of carboxysomes and points out pressing open questions. Some of these questions have remained unanswered since the discovery of carboxysomes; others have been raised by more recent discoveries.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Drs. Fei Cai, Cheryl Kerfeld, Cristina Iancu, and Grant Jensen for the images they provided and their help with various figures in this review. We truly appreciate the many stimulating discussions we have had throughout the years of our respective collaborations. SH and GCC acknowledge the generous funding of their carboxysome research from the National Science Foundation (current awards: MCB-0851070 and MCB-1244534).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5043, 39406-0001, Hattiesburg, MS, USA

    Sabine Heinhorst & Gordon C. Cannon

  2. Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 29634, Clemson, SC, USA

    Jessup M. Shively

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  1. Sabine Heinhorst
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  2. Gordon C. Cannon
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  3. Jessup M. Shively
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Correspondence to Sabine Heinhorst .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

    Larry L. Barton

  2. School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

    Dennis A. Bazylinski

  3. Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

    Huifang Xu

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Heinhorst, S., Cannon, G., Shively, J. (2014). Carboxysomes and Their Structural Organization in Prokaryotes. In: Barton, L., Bazylinski, D., Xu, H. (eds) Nanomicrobiology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1667-2_4

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