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Development and Function of Human CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells in Humanized Mouse and HIV-1 Infection

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Humanized Mice for HIV Research

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Abstract

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are implicated in modulating immunopathogenesis of a number of diseases including autoimmune and infectious diseases. Treg cells are likely to serve as primary target cells as well as immunosuppressive cells in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection due to high expression of HIV-1 receptor and coreceptors. Recent advances in animal models including humanized mouse models, and human Treg studies, allow us to investigate the role of Treg cells in HIV-1 infection and immunopathogenesis. Accumulating data suggest that Treg cells may play a distinct role in HIV-1 infection and immunopathogenesis depending on the course of infection. During the acute phase of infection, Treg cells are likely to contribute to elevated HIV-1 infection by suppressing anti-HIV immunity, and their gradual impairment may contribute to chronic immune activation. On the other hand, Treg cells may suppress virus replication by direct or indirect mechanisms during the chronic phase of infection. This chapter provides a brief introduction to Treg cells, and their development and function in humanized mice. The role of Treg cells in HIV-1 infection and immunopathogenesis is also discussed based on recent findings.

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Abbreviations

AIDS:

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

cAMP:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

FOXP3:

Forkhead box P3

HIV-1:

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1

HSC:

Hematopoietic stem cell

ONTAK:

Denileukin difftitox

Tc:

Conventional T cell

TCR:

T cell receptor

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-beta

Treg cell:

Regulatory T cell

tTreg cell:

Thymus-derived Treg cell

pTreg cell:

Peripherally-derived Treg cell

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7295, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Jun-ichi Nunoya PhD & Lishan Su PhD

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7295, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Jun-ichi Nunoya PhD & Lishan Su PhD

  3. Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan

    Jun-ichi Nunoya PhD

Authors
  1. Jun-ichi Nunoya PhD
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  2. Lishan Su PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jun-ichi Nunoya PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA

    Larisa Y. Poluektova

  2. Center for AIDS Research, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

    J. Victor Garcia

  3. Research Center for AIDS Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Kyoto University Institute for Virus Research, Sakyo-ku, Japan

    Yoshio Koyanagi

  4. Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

    Markus G. Manz

  5. Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA

    Andrew M. Tager

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Nunoya, Ji., Su, L. (2014). Development and Function of Human CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells in Humanized Mouse and HIV-1 Infection. In: Poluektova, L., Garcia, J., Koyanagi, Y., Manz, M., Tager, A. (eds) Humanized Mice for HIV Research. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1655-9_22

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