Abstract
Amblyopia is poor vision caused by abnormal visual stimulation during early visual development. The abnormal visual stimulation disrupts neurodevelopment of visual centers in the brain. Abnormal stimulation can arise from a blurred retinal image, or strabismus with strong fixation preference for one eye and cortical suppression of the nondominant eye. Children under 8 years of age are capable of strong cortical suppression and hence can eliminate double vision. Children who alternate fixation and use either eye will alternate suppression and do not develop amblyopia. The vertical prism induced tropia test can be used to determine fixation preference and diagnose unilateral amblyopia in preverbal children with straight eyes or small-angle strabismus [1]. This test is performed by placing a vertically oriented 10 PD prism over one eye, either base down or base up. The vertical prism induces a hypertropia, allowing evaluation of fixation preference. Strong fixation preference for one eye is indicative of amblyopia [2]. Amblyopia can be bilateral in children with bilateral blurred retinal images (e.g., bilateral congenital cataracts, or bilateral high hypermetropia >+5.00 sphere).
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Table of Contents (MP4 316 KB)
Drape Placement Exposing Both Eyes (MP4 12,747 KB)
Left Eye Medical Rectus Wright Plication - Fornix (MP4 125,346 KB)
Right Eye Lateral Rectus Resection - Fornix (MP4 56,560 KB)
Left Eye Inferior Oblique Anteriorisation with Wright Hook (MP4 101,333 KB)
Left Eye Inferior Oblique Anteriorisation with Traction Suture (MP4 30,548 KB)
Right Eye Harada Ito (MP4 81,183 KB)
Right Eye Wright Superior Oblique Tendon Expander (MP4 90,418 KB)
Left Eye Medial Rectus Stretched Scar (MP4 110,065 KB)
Right Eye Lost-Slipped Medial Rectus (MP4 101,076 KB)
Right Eye Removal Lower Lid Retractors (MP4 29,184 KB)
Right Eye Inferno - Temporal Fornix Conjunctival Closure (MP4 15,042 KB)
Left Eye Superior Rectus Recession Reoperation (MP4 153,614 KB)
Left Eye Medial Rectus Recession - Topical Anesthesia - Limbal (MP4 26,767 KB)
Right Eye Lateral Rectus Recession with Wright Hook - Fornix (MP4 150,169 KB)
Left Eye Medial Rectus Recession with Wright Hook - Fornix (MP4 113,534 KB)
Strabismus Surgery - Strategies and Techniques (MP4 639 KB)
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Wright, K.W., Strube, Y.N.J. (2015). Amblyopia Treatment. In: Color Atlas Of Strabismus Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1480-7_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1480-7_1
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
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