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Canola, Rapeseed, and Mustard: For Biofuels and Bioproducts

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Book cover Industrial Crops

Part of the book series: Handbook of Plant Breeding ((HBPB,volume 9))

Abstract

Brassica species have been used as sources for edible and nonedible oil for thousands of years. These species include Brassica carinata, B. juncea, B. napus, B. nigra, and B. rapa. Currently, canola, rapeseed, and mustard oilseed species are the third largest source of vegetable oil globally. Production of B. juncea and B. rapa occurs in warmer semitropical regions of the world, while B. napus is produced in cooler temperate regions. Most of the canola/rapeseed/mustard breeding achievements have been associated with oil and/or meal quality, including the development of low erucic acid rapeseed B. napus, high erucic acid rapeseed in B. napus, and high oleic, low linolenic B. napus. A reduction in glucosinolates in B. napus and B. rapa occurred almost simultaneously to the reduction of erucic acid to create double low rapeseed, renamed canola in Canada. Significant breeding effort is directed to increasing seed yield; enhancing yield stability; improving seed quality, oil quality, and meal quality; as well as herbicide tolerance and resistance to abiotic and biotic stress. Breeding strategies now focus on doubled haploid line development and hybrid development because of significant heterosis for seed yield. Pollination control systems for hybrid development include cytoplasmic male sterility, genetic male sterility, nuclear male sterility, and self-incompatibility. Genomic strategies and marker-assisted selection have been successfully incorporated into Brassica breeding. Brassica oils compete with fossil oils in the biofuel and bioproduct markets, and further Brassica breeding advancements are required to meet the quantities and quality necessary for successful biofuel/bioproduct production.

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Abbreviations

CGIAR:

Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research

CMS:

Cytoplasmic male sterility

GMS:

Genetic male sterility

HEAR:

High erucic acid rapeseed

HOLL:

High oleic, low linolenic

IPGRI:

International Plant Genetic Resources Institute

LEAR:

Low erucic acid rapeseed

MSL:

Male sterile Lembke

NMS:

Nuclear male sterility

QTL:

Quantitative trait loci

SHEAR:

Super high erucic acid rapeseed

SI:

Self-incompatibility

SRAP:

Sequence-related amplified polymorphisms

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  1. Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Peter B. E. McVetty & Robert W. Duncan

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McVetty, P.B.E., Duncan, R.W. (2015). Canola, Rapeseed, and Mustard: For Biofuels and Bioproducts. In: Cruz, V.M.V., Dierig, D.A. (eds) Industrial Crops. Handbook of Plant Breeding, vol 9. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1447-0_7

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