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Developmental Origins of Disease: The Role of Oxidative Stress

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Perinatal and Prenatal Disorders

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Abstract

The “thrifty phenotype” hypothesis proposes that the fetus adapts to an adverse intrauterine milieu by optimizing the use of a reduced nutrient supply to ensure survival, but by favoring the development of certain organs over that of others, this leads to persistent alterations in the growth and function of developing tissues. This concept has been somewhat controversial; however, recent epidemiological, clinical, and animal studies provide support for the developmental origins of disease hypothesis. Underlying mechanisms include reprogramming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, islet development, and insulin signaling pathways. Emerging data suggests that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may also play a critical role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in individuals who were growth retarded at birth.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, BRB II/III, Room 1308, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Rebecca A. Simmons M.D.

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  1. Rebecca A. Simmons M.D.
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Correspondence to Rebecca A. Simmons M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Penn, Perelman Sch of Med Professor of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Division of Neonatology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Phyllis A. Dennery

  2. Lab of Oxidative Stress Policlinico “Le Scotte“, University of Siena Dept of Peds, Obstetrics & Reprod Med, Siena, Italy

    Giuseppe Buonocore

  3. Department of Pediatrics, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine Rikshospitalit Medical Center, Oslo, Norway

    Ola Didrik Saugstad

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Simmons, R.A. (2014). Developmental Origins of Disease: The Role of Oxidative Stress. In: Dennery, P., Buonocore, G., Saugstad, O. (eds) Perinatal and Prenatal Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1405-0_6

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