Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a realistic target for T-cell immunotherapy because clinically powerful T-cell-mediated graft-versus leukemia (GVL) effects are well characterized following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). T-cell therapies in combination with SCT include donor lymphocyte infusions with or without added cytokines, infusions of selected T-cells deprived of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) activity, and T-cells expressing a suicide gene permitting GVL but preventing GVHD by T-cell elimination. The identification of a series of minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAG) restricted to the myeloid lineage has made it possible to generate leukemia-reactive T-cells by expanding donor lymphocytes specific for a mHAG present in the recipient but absent in the donor. Key to the development of treatments that extend targeted T-cell strategies beyond SCT has been the identification of a range of leukemia-associated antigens (LAA). LAA can be used, either as inserts of the parent gene of a tumor antigen or as peptide mixes, to arm antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Dendritic cell APCs are used to induce LAA-specific T-cells either in vivo using the APCs as vaccines or in vitro generating LAA-specific T-cells in culture. Initial clinical results with mHAG-specific T-cells in transplanted patients show promising disease control but have identified off-target effects of some T-cell infusions, and reveal a tendency for tumor escape. Future developments for T-cell therapy for AML include the association of T-cell infusions with agents that can upregulate LAA, and the genetic modification of CTL to overcome tumor resistance.
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Weber, G., Bollard, C., Barrett, A. (2015). Allogeneic and Autologous T cell Strategies to Enhance Targeting of Acute Myeloid Leukemias. In: Andreeff, M. (eds) Targeted Therapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Current Cancer Research. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1393-0_41
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