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Macrophages: Biology and Role in the Pathology of Diseases pp 559–585Cite as

The Macrophage Transcriptome

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Abstract

Macrophages are specialized but versatile cells that participate in a range of physiological and immune related processes. The macrophage repertoire of coding and regulatory RNA provides tools to understand cell identity, cell function, role in disease, and ultimately define cell specific therapeutic targets. Modern tools make it possible to quantify and compare global RNA levels. With this vast information a neologism of the decade, the suffix “ome” has been combined with “transcript” to form “transcriptome,” a new word to define the totality of transcripts that characterize a cell. In this chapter we discuss the macrophage transcriptome and how its definition is contributing to a deeper understanding of this cell identity and function.

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Acknowledgment

We thank Jorg Hamman and Siamon Gordon for critically reviewing the chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 30, D-81675, Munich, Germany

    Ronny Milde

  2. Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Manzoni 56, I-20089, Rozzano, (MI), Italy

    Matthieu Pesant & Massimo Locati

  3. Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, I-20089, Rozzano, (MI), Italy

    Matthieu Pesant & Massimo Locati

  4. Botnar Research Centre Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK

    Fernando O. Martinez Estrada

Authors
  1. Ronny Milde
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  2. Matthieu Pesant
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  3. Massimo Locati
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  4. Fernando O. Martinez Estrada
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fernando O. Martinez Estrada .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) Biomedical Sciences Institutes, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore

    Subhra K. Biswas

  2. IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy

    Alberto Mantovani

Appendix A. Gene Symbols in the Chapter

Appendix A. Gene Symbols in the Chapter

APOC1:

Apolipoprotein C-I

APOC2:

Apolipoprotein C-II

APOE:

Apolipoprotein E

Arg1:

Arginase 1

ATF3:

Activating transcription factor 3

BHLHE41:

Basic helix-loop-helix family, member e41

C1QA:

Complement component 1, q subcomponent, A chain

C3AR1:

Complement component 3a receptor 1

CCL18:

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (pulmonary and activation-regulated)

CCL2:

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2

CCL20:

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20

CCL4:

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4

CCL5:

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5

CCNA2:

Cyclin A2

CCNA2:

Cyclin A2

CCNB1:

Cyclin B1

CCND1:

Cyclin D1

CCNE1:

Cyclin E1

CCR2:

Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2

CCR6:

Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 6

CCR7:

Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7

CD14:

CD14 molecule

CD163:

CD163 molecule

CD1a:

CD1a molecule

CD200R1:

CD200 receptor 1

CD209:

CD209 molecule

CD226:

CD226 molecule

CD36:

CD36 molecule

CD38:

CD38 molecule

CD68:

CD68 molecule

CD69:

CD69 molecule

CD80:

CD80 molecule

CD93:

CD93 molecule

CD97:

CD97 molecule

CH25H:

Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase

Chi3l3:

Chitinase 3-like 3

CISH:

Cytokine inducible SH2-containing protein

Clec10a:

C-type lectin domain family 10, member A

CLEC4D:

C-type lectin domain family 4, member D

CLEC7A:

C-type lectin domain family 7, member A

CREM:

cAMP responsive element modulator

CSF1:

Colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)

CSF2:

Colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte–macrophage)

CSF2RB:

Colony stimulating factor 2 receptor, beta, low-affinity (granulocyte–macrophage)

CX3CR1:

Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1

CXCL10:

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10

CXCL11:

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11

CXCL13:

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13

CXCL4:

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4

CXCL9:

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9

CYP1B1:

Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1

Cyr61:

Cysteine-rich, angiogenic inducer, 61

ECM1:

Extracellular matrix protein 1

EMR1:

egf-like module containing, mucin-like, hormone receptor-like 1

EPCAM:

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule

FCGR1A:

Fc fragment of IgG, high affinity Ia, receptor (CD64)

FERT2:

fer (fms/fps related) protein kinase, testis specific 2

FOS:

FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog

FPR1:

Formyl peptide receptor 1

ICAM1:

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1

ICAM2:

Intercellular adhesion molecule 2

IFNA1:

Interferon, alpha 1

IFNB1:

Interferon, beta 1, fibroblast

IFNG:

Interferon, gamma

IFNW1:

Interferon, omega 1

IL10:

Interleukin 10

IL12:

Interleukin 12

IL12B:

Interleukin 12B (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 2, p40)

IL13:

Interleukin 13

IL15RA:

Interleukin 15 receptor, alpha

IL17RB:

Interleukin 17 receptor B

IL18:

Interleukin 18

IL18R1:

Interleukin 18 receptor 1

IL1B:

Interleukin 1, beta

IL1R2:

Interleukin 1 receptor, type-II

IL23A:

Interleukin 23, alpha subunit p19

IL27:

Interleukin 27

IL2RA:

Interleukin 2 receptor, alpha

IL34:

Interleukin 34

IL4:

Interleukin 4

IL6R:

Interleukin 6 receptor

IL7R:

Interleukin 7 receptor

IRF1:

Interferon regulatory factor 1

Irf3:

Interferon regulatory factor 3

IRF4:

Interferon regulatory factor 4

ITGA4:

Integrin, alpha 4 (antigen CD49D, alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 receptor)

ITGAL:

Integrin, alpha L (antigen CD11A (p180), lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1; alpha polypeptide)

ITGAM:

Integrin, alpha M (complement component 3 receptor 3 subunit)

ITGB7:

Integrin, beta 7

JAK2:

Janus kinase 2

JUNB:

Jun B proto-oncogene

KLF4:

Kruppel-like factor 4 (gut)

LGALS3BP:

Lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 3 binding protein

LTA:

Lymphotoxin alpha

LTA4H:

Leukotriene A4 hydrolase

Lyn:

v-yes-1 Yamaguchi sarcoma viral related oncogene homolog

MARCO:

Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure

MCM2:

Minichromosome maintenance complex component 2

MCM6:

Minichromosome maintenance complex component 6

Mgl2:

Macrophage galactose N-acetyl-galactosamine specific lectin 2

MMP12:

Matrix metallopeptidase 12 (macrophage elastase)

Mmp9:

Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (gelatinase B, 92 kDa gelatinase, 92 kDa type IV collagenase)

MPZL2:

Myelin protein zero-like 2

MRC1:

Mannose receptor, C type 1

Msr1:

Macrophage scavenger receptor 1

MUC1:

Mucin 1, cell-surface associated

MyD88:

Myeloid differentiation primary response 88

MYO1B:

Myosin IB

NCS1:

Neuronal calcium sensor 1

NFKB1:

Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1

NMI:

N-myc (and STAT) interactor

NR1D1:

Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1

NR1D2:

Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 2

NR1H3:

Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3

OLR1:

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor 1

PECAM1:

Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1

PPARG:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

PTGS1:

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)

PTPRC:

Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C

PTPRO:

Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, O

RETNLB:

Resistin like beta

SIAT1:

ST6 beta-galactosamide alpha-2,6-sialyltranferase 1

Siglec-H:

Sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin H

SOCS1:

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1

ST14:

Suppression of tumorigenicity 14 (colon carcinoma)

STAT1:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 91 kDa

TGFB1:

Transforming growth factor, beta 1

Tgm2:

Transglutaminase 2

TLR1:

Toll-like receptor 1

TLR2:

Toll-like receptor 2

TLR4:

Toll-like receptor 4

TLR6:

Toll-like receptor 6

TLR7:

Toll-like receptor 7

TLR8:

Toll-like receptor 8

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

TNFRSF1B:

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1B

TRIF:

Toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 1

TSC22D3:

TSC22 domain family, member 3

VCAM1:

Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1

Wnt5b:

Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5B

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Milde, R., Pesant, M., Locati, M., Martinez Estrada, F.O. (2014). The Macrophage Transcriptome. In: Biswas, S., Mantovani, A. (eds) Macrophages: Biology and Role in the Pathology of Diseases. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1311-4_28

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