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G Protein Signaling Mechanisms in the Retina pp 9–22Cite as

G Protein Deactivation Mechanisms in Vertebrate Phototransduction

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Part of the book series: Springer Series in Vision Research ((SSVR,volume 3))

Abstract

Heterotrimeric G proteins are widely used in nature to facilitate cellular responses to extracellular stimuli. In humans, these G proteins mediate vision and other senses, modulate neurotransmission, and are required for hormonal actions. The signaling system involves three groups of molecules, namely, the receptors with heptahelical transmembrane motifs, the trimeric G proteins themselves, and the effectors through which G proteins alter cellular homeostasis. Advances in genome sciences have revealed the full complement of this system in multiple species, and the current challenges are to elucidate which, when, where, and how each component is used. The field of phototransduction has historically provided unrivaled details in describing general principles of G-protein signaling. This chapter intends to cover the reactions that dominate the rate of phototransduction recovery in rod and cone photoreceptors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Ophthalmology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 6550 Fannin Street, Rm NC305, 77030, Houston, TX, USA

    Ching-Kang Chen PhD & Hung-Ya Tu BS

  2. Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing-Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Hung-Ya Tu BS

Authors
  1. Ching-Kang Chen PhD
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  2. Hung-Ya Tu BS
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Correspondence to Ching-Kang Chen PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA

    Kirill A. Martemyanov

  2. Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Alapakkam P. Sampath

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Chen, CK., Tu, HY. (2014). G Protein Deactivation Mechanisms in Vertebrate Phototransduction. In: Martemyanov, K., Sampath, A. (eds) G Protein Signaling Mechanisms in the Retina. Springer Series in Vision Research, vol 3. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1218-6_2

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