Skip to main content

Nutrition Care Across the Weight Loss Surgery Process

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The ASMBS Textbook of Bariatric Surgery

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to help the reader gain an understanding of the nutritional considerations of weight management during four critical phases of the weight loss surgery process, which we call preparing, healing, achieving, and maintaining. We recognize that this is a slight departure from the surgical approach more commonly encountered in the research literature: “preoperative,” “early postoperative,” and “later postoperative.” The reason for relabeling the phases of the weight loss surgery process is simple: we want to think about the weight loss process from a patient perspective rather than solely a surgical perspective. Focusing on the experience of the weight loss process from a patient’s perspective may help us more clearly identify the changing role of diet and eating behaviors through the different phases of the process and provide the dietitian and other bariatric team members with tools for counseling, educating, and encouraging patients throughout this process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Available at http://www.eatright.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=6442474633&libID=6442474610

  2. 2.

    http://www.health.gov/paguidelines

  3. 3.

    Available at http://www.exerciseismedicine.org

References

  1. Livhits M, Mercado C, Yermilov I, Parikh JA, Dutson E, Mehran A, et al. Preoperative predictors of weight loss following bariatric surgery: systematic review. Obes Surg. 2012;22(1):70–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Mechanick JI, Youdim A, Jones DB, Garvey WT, Hurley DL, McMahon MM, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the perioperative nutritional, metabolic, and nonsurgical support of the bariatric surgery patient-2013 update: cosponsored by american association of clinical endocrinologists, the obesity society, and american society for metabolic & bariatric surgery. Endocr Pract. 2013;19(2): 337–72.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Colles SL, Dixon JB, Marks P, Strauss BJ, O’Brien PE. Preoperative weight loss with a very-low-energy diet: quantitation of changes in liver and abdominal fat by serial imaging. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006; 84(2):304–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Benotti PN, Still CD, Wood GC, Akmal Y, King H, El Arousy H, et al. Preoperative weight loss before bariatric surgery. Arch Surg. 2009;144(12):1150–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Browning JD, Baker JA, Rogers T, Davis J, Satapati S, Burgess SC. Short-term weight loss and hepatic triglyceride reduction: evidence of a metabolic advantage with dietary carbohydrate restriction. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(5):1048–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Alvarado R, Alami RS, Hsu G, Safadi BY, Sanchez BR, Morton JM, et al. The impact of preoperative weight loss in patients undergoing laparoscopic roux-en-y gastric bypass. Obes Surg. 2005; 15(9):1282–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Busetto L, Tregnaghi A, De Marchi F, Segato G, Foletto M, Sergi G, et al. Liver volume and visceral obesity in women with hepatic steatosis undergoing gastric banding. Obes Res. 2002;10(5):408–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Mechanick JI, Youdim A, Jones DB, Garvey WT, Hurley DL, McMahon MM, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the perioperative nutritional, metabolic, and nonsurgical support of the bariatric surgery patient-2013 update: cosponsored by American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the Obesity Society, and American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery*. Obesity. 2013;21 Suppl 1:S1–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Apovian CM, Cummings S, Anderson W, Borud L, Boyer K, Day K, et al. Best practice updates for multidisciplinary care in weight loss surgery. Obesity. 2009;17(5):871–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Liu RC, Sabnis AA, Forsyth C, Chand B. The effects of acute preoperative weight loss on laparoscopic roux-en-y gastric bypass. Obes Surg. 2005;15(10):1396–402.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Allied Health Sciences Section Ad Hoc Nutrition C, Aills L, Blankenship J, Buffington C, Furtado M, Parrott J. Asmbs allied health nutritional guidelines for the surgical weight loss patient. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2008;4(5 Suppl):S73–108.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sjostrom L, Lindroos AK, Peltonen M, Torgerson J, Bouchard C, Carlsson B, et al. Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(26):2683–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Parrott JM, Parrott JS, Sowemimo S, Adeyeri A, editors. Specialized bariatric rd counseling improves pre-surgery weight loss and post-surgical excess weight loss Food and Nutrition Conference and Expo. Philadelphia: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Sarwer DB, Moore RH, Spitzer JC, Wadden TA, Raper SE, Williams NN. A pilot study investigating the efficacy of postoperative dietary counseling to improve outcomes after bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2012;8(5):561–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Heber D, Greenway FL, Kaplan LM, Livingston E, Salvador J, Still C, et al. Endocrine and nutritional management of the post-bariatric surgery patient: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(11):4823–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lewis MC, Phillips ML, Slavotinek JP, Kow L, Thompson CH, Toouli J. Change in liver size and fat content after treatment with optifast very low calorie diet. Obes Surg. 2006;16(6):697–701.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Westerbacka J, Lammi K, Hakkinen AM, Rissanen A, Salminen I, Aro A, et al. Dietary fat content modifies liver fat in overweight nondiabetic subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(5):2804–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Johnston CS, Tjonn SL, Swan PD, White A, Hutchins H, Sears B. Ketogenic low-carbohydrate diets have no metabolic advantage over nonketogenic low-carbohydrate diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006; 83(5):1055–61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Tiikkainen M, Bergholm R, Vehkavaara S, Rissanen A, Hakkinen AM, Tamminen M, et al. Effects of identical weight loss on body composition and features of insulin resistance in obese women with high and low liver fat content. Diabetes. 2003;52(3):701–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Buchwald H, Avidor Y, Braunwald E, Jensen MD, Pories W, Fahrbach K, et al. Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2004;292(14):1724–37.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Adams TD, Davidson LE, Litwin SE, Kolotkin RL, LaMonte MJ, Pendleton RC, et al. Health benefits of gastric bypass surgery after 6 years. JAMA. 2012;308(11):1122–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Bond DS, Phelan S, Leahey TM, Hill JO, Wing RR. Weight-loss maintenance in successful weight losers: surgical vs non-surgical methods. Int J Obes. 2009;33(1):173–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Rudolph A, Hilbert A. Post-operative behavioural management in bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev. 2013;14:292–302.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Shaw K, O’Rourke P, Del Mar C, Kenardy J. Psychological interventions for overweight or obesity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005(2):CD003818.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Frank LL. Nutritional management of bariatric surgery patients. Clarksville: Wolf Rinke Associates; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Overs SE, Freeman RA, Zarshenas N, Walton KL, Jorgensen JO. Food tolerance and gastrointestinal quality of life following three bariatric procedures: adjustable gastric banding, roux-en-y gastric bypass, and sleeve gastrectomy. Obes Surg. 2012;22(4):536–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Bond DS, Thomas JG, Ryder BA, Vithiananthan S, Pohl D, Wing RR. Ecological momentary assessment of the relationship between intention and physical activity behavior in bariatric surgery patients. Int J Behav Med. 2013;20(1):82–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Bachman JL, Phelan S, Wing RR, Raynor HA. Eating frequency is higher in weight loss maintainers and normal-weight individuals than in overweight individuals. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011;111(11): 1730–4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Colles SL, Dixon JB. Night eating syndrome: impact on bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2006;16(7):811–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Kruseman M, Leimgruber A, Zumbach F, Golay A. Dietary, weight, and psychological changes among patients with obesity, 8 years after gastric bypass. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010;110(4):527–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Cummings DE, Overduin J. Gastrointestinal regulation of food intake. J Clin Invest. 2007;117(1):13–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Moran-Ramos S, Tovar AR, Torres N. Diet: friend or foe of enteroendocrine cells–how it interacts with enteroendocrine cells. Adv Nutr. 2012;3(1):8–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Beck NN, Johannsen M, Stoving RK, Mehlsen M, Zachariae R. Do postoperative psychotherapeutic interventions and support groups influence weight loss following bariatric surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized trials. Obes Surg. 2012;22(11):1790–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Cho S, Dietrich M, Brown CJ, Clark CA, Block G. The effect of breakfast type on total daily energy intake and body mass index: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (nhanes iii). J Am Coll Nutr. 2003;22(4):296–302.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Birketvedt GS, Florholmen J, Sundsfjord J, Osterud B, Dinges D, Bilker W, et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine characteristics of the night-eating syndrome. JAMA. 1999;282(7):657–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Colles SL, Dixon JB, O’Brien PE. Grazing and loss of control related to eating: two high-risk factors following bariatric surgery. Obesity. 2008;16(3):615–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Wilfley DE, Bishop ME, Wilson GT, Agras WS. Classification of eating disorders: toward dsm-v. Int J Eat Disord. 2007;40(Suppl): S123–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. White MA, Kalarchian MA, Masheb RM, Marcus MD, Grilo CM. Loss of control over eating predicts outcomes in bariatric surgery patients: a prospective, 24-month follow-up study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;71(2):175–84.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Mitchell JE, Steffen K. The interface between eating disorders and bariatric surgery. Eat Disord Rev. 2009;20(1):1.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Odom J, Zalesin KC, Washington TL, Miller WW, Hakmeh B, Zaremba DL, et al. Behavioral predictors of weight regain after bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2010;20(3):349–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Freire RH, Borges MC, Alvarez-Leite JI, Toulson Davisson Correia MI. Food quality, physical activity, and nutritional follow-up as determinant of weight regain after roux-en-y gastric bypass. Nutrition. 2012;28(1):53–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Berggren JR, Boyle KE, Chapman WH, Houmard JA. Skeletal muscle lipid oxidation and obesity: influence of weight loss and exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008;294(4): E726–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Page KA, Chan O, Arora J, Belfort-Deaguiar R, Dzuira J, Roehmholdt B, et al. Effects of fructose vs glucose on regional cerebral blood flow in brain regions involved with appetite and reward pathways. JAMA. 2013;309(1):63–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Schwiertz A, Taras D, Schafer K, Beijer S, Bos NA, Donus C, et al. Microbiota and SCFA in lean and overweight healthy subjects. Obesity. 2010;18(1):190–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Backhed F, Ding H, Wang T, Hooper LV, Koh GY, Nagy A, et al. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(44):15718–23.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Julie M. Parrott MS, RD, CPT .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Parrott, J.M., Parrott, J.S. (2014). Nutrition Care Across the Weight Loss Surgery Process. In: Still, C., Sarwer, D., Blankenship, J. (eds) The ASMBS Textbook of Bariatric Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1197-4_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1197-4_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1196-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1197-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics