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Fungal Diseases of Groundnut: Control and Future Challenges

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Future Challenges in Crop Protection Against Fungal Pathogens

Part of the book series: Fungal Biology ((FUNGBIO))

Abstract

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is widely cultivated as a food and oilseed crop. Cultivation of groundnuts offers health and economic benefits but one of the most important challenges faced by groundnut growers is the management of destructive diseases. The crop is susceptible to a variety of plant pathogens like bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes, resulting in poor yields and quality of the produce. Among the most devastating fungal diseases of groundnut are the early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola S. Hori), late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Deighton), and groundnut rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.). Soil-borne diseases of groundnut like stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo) and crown/collar rot (Aspergillus niger van Tieghem) cause substantial loss to plant stand and yield. Combined yield losses due to incidence of the diseases in groundnut can be as high as 50 %. Many fungicides are available for management of fungal diseases. But application of fungicides throughout the season puts additional burden on the growers. Alternative disease management options like cultural practices, planting resistant cultivars, use of biocontrol agents, etc. can be useful in management of diseases by reducing the frequency of application of fungicides. Integrated disease management (IDM) system consisting of resistant cultivars, improved tillage practices, and cultural practices along with reduced application of chemical fungicides can go a long way in the management of fungal diseases of groundnut. Notwithstanding the availability of several options, the effective control of the fungal diseases in groundnut is still daunting. The situation is going to aggravate further due to climatic changes and emergence of new virulent strains of pathogens. Unless coordinated efforts are made the fungal diseases will continue to cause havoc to groundnut cultivation throughout the cultivated areas.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Microbiology Section, Directorate of Groundnut Research (ICAR), Ivnagar Road, PB No. 5, Junagadh, Gujarat, 362001, India

    Kamal Krishna Pal Ph.D. & Rinku Dey Ph.D.

  2. Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India

    K. V. B. R. Tilak Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Kamal Krishna Pal Ph.D.
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  2. Rinku Dey Ph.D.
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  3. K. V. B. R. Tilak Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Kamal Krishna Pal Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Biodiversity and Integrated Gene Management Program, International Center For Agriculture Research in the Dry Area, Rabat, Morocco

    Aakash Goyal

  2. Department Of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Chakravarthula Manoharachary

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Pal, K.K., Dey, R., Tilak, K.V.B.R. (2014). Fungal Diseases of Groundnut: Control and Future Challenges. In: Goyal, A., Manoharachary, C. (eds) Future Challenges in Crop Protection Against Fungal Pathogens. Fungal Biology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1188-2_1

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