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Primary Care Sleep Medicine pp 11–20Cite as

Sleep Medicine: Evidence-Based Clinical Practice

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Abstract

Over the last 10 years, high-quality large epidemiologically designed studies have been utilized to address the disorders of sleep, particularly obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). There is strong evidence-based data for the negative impact of OSA on hypertension, daytime cognitive impairment, motor vehicular accidents, and obesity, with data that is approaching that quality supporting the association of OSA with cardiovascular disease, cerebral-vascular accidents, metabolic syndrome, atrial fibrillation, and overall mortality. The evidence basis for the treatment of insomnia is less defined; however, it is clear that chronic insomnia is associated with decreased quality of life as well as increased health care cost. Chronic insomnia is also associated with a decline in job performance and increased risk of mood disorders. Pediatric sleep medicine lags behind adult sleep medicine in evidence-based studies; however, it is increasingly clear that sleepy children perform at a lower level in school. The comorbid diagnoses associated with these sleep disorders include a high percentage of the patients seen in an adult primary care clinic. In order to provide high-quality prospective care and reduce morbidity and mortality, the primary care physician must address and treat the underlying sleep disorders contributing to these common diagnoses.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Family Medicine, Southern Colorado Residency Program, University of Colorado Medical School, Pueblo, CO, USA

    J. F. Pagel M.S., M.D.

  2. Sleep Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center of Southern Colorado, Parkview Medical Center, 3065, Pueblo, CO, 81005, USA

    J. F. Pagel M.S., M.D.

  3. Sleep Disorders Center of Alabama, 790 Montclair Road, Birmingham, AL, 35213, USA

    G. Vernon Pegram Ph.D., A.B.S.M.

Authors
  1. J. F. Pagel M.S., M.D.
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  2. G. Vernon Pegram Ph.D., A.B.S.M.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. F. Pagel M.S., M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sleep Disorders Center, Pueblo, Colorado, USA

    James F. Pagel

  2. Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine / Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York, New York, USA

    S. R. Pandi-Perumal

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Pagel, J.F., Pegram, G.V. (2014). Sleep Medicine: Evidence-Based Clinical Practice. In: Pagel, J., Pandi-Perumal, S. (eds) Primary Care Sleep Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1185-1_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1185-1_2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1184-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1185-1

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