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Glycobiology of the Nervous System pp 185–222Cite as

Glycolipid and Glycoprotein Expression During Neural Development

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Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 9))

Abstract

In mammals, the central and peripheral nervous systems are developmentally derived from cells in the neural plate. Specific ectodermal cells in this area form the neural tube and neural crest during the early developmental stage. The neural tube is the origin of the central nervous system which consists of both the brain and spinal cord, whereas neural crest cells are precursors of the peripheral nervous system. During neural tube formation and neural crest development, carbohydrate-rich molecules, including glycolipids, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, are expressed primarily on the outer surface of cell plasma membranes. The structural diversity of their carbohydrate moieties coupled with their expression at different stages of development makes these molecules excellent biomarkers for various cell types. In addition, these molecules play crucial functional roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, interaction, migration, and signal transduction. In this chapter, we discuss the expression profiles and potential functional roles of glycoconjugates during neural development.

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Abbreviations

BLBP:

Brain lipid-binding protein

BMB:

Bone morphogenetic protein

CD:

Cluster of differentiation

Cer:

Ceramide

CNS:

Central nervous system

CNTF:

Ciliary neurotrophic factor

CS:

Chondroitin sulfate

CSPG:

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan

CST:

Cerebroside sulfotransferase

Dll1:

Delta-like1

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

FABP7:

Fatty acid-binding protein 7

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

Fuc:

Fucose

FUT:

Fucosyltransferase

GAG:

Glycosaminoglycan

GalCer:

Galactosylceramide

GalNAcT:

N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase

GalT:

Galactosyltransferase

GFAP:

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

GlcAT-P:

UDP-glucuronyltransferase-P

GlcCer:

Glucosylceramide

GlcT:

Glucosyltransferase

GRP:

Glial-restricted precursor

GSL:

Glycosphingolipid

HA:

Hyaluronic acid

HNK-1:

Human natural killer-1 antigen

HS:

Heparin sulfate

HSPG:

Heparin sulfate proteoglycan

IL-6:

Interleukin 6

INP:

Intermediate neuronal progenitor cell

IPC:

Intermediate progenitor cell

JAK-STAT:

Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)

LacCer:

Lactosylceramide

Lfng :

Lunatic fringe

MA:

Cerebral mantle

mAb:

Monoclonal antibody

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MZ:

Marginal zone

NEC:

Neuroepithelial cell

NG-2:

Nerve/glial antigen 2

NRP:

Neuronal restricted progenitor

NSC:

Neural stem cell

OPC:

Oligodendrocyte precursor cell

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

PG:

Proteoglycan

PHA-E4:

Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinating lectin

PNA:

Peanut agglutinin

PNS:

Peripheral nervous system

PSA-NCAM:

Polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule

PST:

ST8SiaIV

RGC:

Radial glial cell

SGZ:

Subgranular zone

SSEA:

Stage-specific embryonic antigen

ST:

Sialyltransferase

STX:

ST8SiaII

SVZ:

Subventricular zone

VZ:

Ventricular zone

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA

    Robert K. Yu & Yutaka Itokazu

  2. Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA

    Robert K. Yu & Yutaka Itokazu

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  1. Robert K. Yu
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  2. Yutaka Itokazu
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Correspondence to Robert K. Yu .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

    Robert K. Yu

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA

    Cara-Lynne Schengrund

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Yu, R.K., Itokazu, Y. (2014). Glycolipid and Glycoprotein Expression During Neural Development. In: Yu, R., Schengrund, CL. (eds) Glycobiology of the Nervous System. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 9. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1154-7_9

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