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I.D. Vitreous Cytokines and Regression of the Fetal Hyaloid Vasculature

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Vitreous

Abstract

The fetal hyaloid vasculature plays a critical role in many aspects of proper ocular development. The hyaloid artery (HA) is a large vessel that extends from the optic disc through the vitreous where it branches and extends to the posterior surface of the lens to anastamose with the tunica vasculosa lentis (TVL) which supplies nutrients to the developing lens in the fetus (Figure I.D-1). In humans, the entire embryonic vascular system regresses by birth, which is necessary for media clarity and normal vision. Regression of the hyaloid vasculature is a very complex process likely requiring the participation of many proteins. The mechanisms of hyaloid vessel regression are not known, but insight could be obtained by understanding how this fetal vasculature forms. One study of human embryonic vitreous revealed the presence of blood islands composed of aggregates of primitive erythroblasts and hemangioblasts, as early as the seventh week of gestation (WG) [1]. These cell aggregates express hematopoietic stem cell markers, and the ligands for these markers are expressed in high concentrations in the lens and retina, probably functioning to guide the cells into the vitreous body assembling the fetal vitreous vasculature by hemo-vasculogenesis [2].

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. VMR Institute for Vitreous Macula Retina, 7677 Center Avenue, suite 400, Huntington Beach, CA, 92647, USA

    Kenneth M. P. Yee BS & J. Sebag MD, FACS, FRCOphth, FARVO

  2. Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Kenneth M. P. Yee BS, Alfredo A. Sadun MD, PhD, FARVO & J. Sebag MD, FACS, FRCOphth, FARVO

  3. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Edward P. Feener PhD & Benbo Gao PhD

  4. Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Edward P. Feener PhD, Benbo Gao PhD & Lloyd Paul Aiello MD, PhD, FARVO

  5. Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Lloyd Paul Aiello MD, PhD, FARVO

  6. School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Michele C. Madigan PhD, OD

  7. Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Michele C. Madigan PhD, OD

  8. ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

    Jan Provis PhD, FARVO

  9. Doheny Eye Institute/UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Fred N. Ross-Cisneros

Authors
  1. Kenneth M. P. Yee BS
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  2. Edward P. Feener PhD
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  3. Benbo Gao PhD
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  4. Lloyd Paul Aiello MD, PhD, FARVO
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  5. Michele C. Madigan PhD, OD
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  6. Jan Provis PhD, FARVO
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  7. Fred N. Ross-Cisneros
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  8. Alfredo A. Sadun MD, PhD, FARVO
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  9. J. Sebag MD, FACS, FRCOphth, FARVO
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Sebag MD, FACS, FRCOphth, FARVO .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. VMR Institute for Vitreous Macula Retina, Huntington Beach, California, USA

    J. Sebag

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© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Yee, K.M.P. et al. (2014). I.D. Vitreous Cytokines and Regression of the Fetal Hyaloid Vasculature. In: Sebag, J. (eds) Vitreous. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1086-1_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1086-1_4

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