Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Vitreous pp 553–569Cite as

V.A.1. Age-Related Macular Degeneration Surgery

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 3192 Accesses

Abstract

For many years subretinal surgery has been performed in eyes with retinal detachments related to proliferative vitreo-retinopathy (PVR) and severe trauma [1, 2]. Several techniques have been developed to achieve relaxation of the retina and prevent complications like subretinal silicone oil or perfluorocarbon displacement, enlargement of the retinotomy into the retinal center, as well as choroidal hemorrhage. Routine vitrectomy instruments were used at this time, which made subretinal strand removal quite adventurous, and enlargement of the retinotomy was often created due to mechanical manipulations. Large retinectomies were feared and only more frequently used in the late 1980s when Zivonovic actually showed that the retina could be purposefully cut to remove subretinal tissue and relax the retina [3]. With the introduction of liquid perfluorocarbons in 1986 to facilitate treatment of retinal detachments arising from giant retinal tears, these manipulations became easier to execute in PVR and other surgeries [4].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Machemer R. Surgical approaches to subretinal strands. Am J Ophthalmol. 1980;90:81–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Lewis H, Aarberg TM, Abrams GW. Subretinal membranes in proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Ophthalmology. 1989;96:1403–14.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Zivonovic R. Silicone oil in vitreoretinal surgery. Dordrecht, 1987, Martinus/Nijhoff/DW Junk.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Chang S, Lincoff G, Zimmerman NJ. Giant retinal tears: surgical technique and results using perfluorocarbon liquids. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:761–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. de Juan Jr E, Machemer R. Vitreous surgery for haemorrhagic and fibrous complications of age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 1988;105:25–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Thomas MA, Kaplan HJ. Surgical removal of subfoveal neovascularisation in the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991;111:1–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Thomas MA, Grand MG, Williams DF. Surgical management of subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation. Ophthalmology. 1992;99:952–68.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Binder S. Surgical treatment of peripapillary choroidal neovascularisation. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91:990–1. Editorial.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Krebs I, Brannath W, Glittenberg C, Zeiler F, Sebag J, Binder S. Posterior vitreomacular adhesion: a potential risk factor for exudative age-related macular degeneration? Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;144(5):741–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Bressler NM, Bressler SB, Childs AL, et al. Surgery for hemorrhagic choroidal neovascular lesion of age-related macular degeneration: ophthalmic findings: sst report No 13. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(11):1993–2006.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Gass JDM. Biomicroscopic and histopathologic considerations regarding the feasibility of surgical excision of subretinal neovascular membranes. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;118:285–98.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lambert HM, Capone Jr A, Aaberg T. Surgical excision of subfoveal neovascular membranes in age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 1992;113:257–62.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Berger AS, Kaplan HJ. Clinical experience with the surgical removal of subfoveal neovascular membranes: short term postoperative results. Ophthalmology. 1992;99:969–76.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Thomas MA, Dickinson JD, Melberg NS, et al. Visual results after surgical removal of subfoveal neovascular membranes. Ophthalmology. 1994;101:1384–96.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Scheider A, Gündisch O, Kampik A. Surgical extraction of subfoveal new vessels and submacular haemorrhage in AMD. Results of a prospective study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1998;237:10–5.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Nasir MA, Sugino I, Zarbin MA. Decreased choriocapillaris perfusion following surgical excision of choroidal neovascular membranes in age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 1997;81:481–9.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Rabenlehner D, Stanzel BV, Krebs I, Binder S, Goll A. Reduction of iatrogenic RPE lesions in AMD patients: evidence for wound healing? Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2008;246(3):345–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Falkner CI, Leitich H, Frommelt F, Bauer P. Binder S The end of submacular surgery for age-related macular degeneration? A meta-analysis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2007;245(4):490–501.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Bressler NM, et al. Submacular Surgery Trials Pilot Study Investigators. Submacular surgery trials randomized pilot trial of laser photocoagulation versus surgery for recurrent choroidal neovascularisation secondary to age-related macular degeneration: I. Ophthalmic outcomes. Submacular surgery trials pilot study report NR 1. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;130:387–409.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Schachat AP. Should we recommend vitreous surgery for patients with choroidal neovascularisation? Arch Ophthalmol. 1994;112:459–61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Lindey P, Finkelstein D, D’anna S. Experimental retinal translocation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1983;24:5242.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Tiedeman JS, de Juan JE, Machemer R, et al. Surgical rotation of the macula. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1985;26:559.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Machemer R, Steinhorst UH. Retinal separation, retinotomy and macular relocation.II A surgical approach for age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1993;231:635–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Eckardt C, Eckardt U, Conrad HG. Macular rotation with and without counterrotation of the globe in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1999;237:313–25.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Toths CA, Freedman SF. Macular translocation with 360 degree peripheral retinectomy impact of technique and surgical experience on visual outcomes. Retina. 2001;21:293–303.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Tano Y. Pathologic myopia. Where are we now? Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;134:645–60.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Ninimya Y, Lewis JM, Hasegawa T, et al. Retinotomy and foveal translocation for surgical management of subfoveal choroidal neovascular membranes. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996;122:613–21.

    Google Scholar 

  28. De Juan Jr E, Loewenstein A, Bressler NM, et al. Translocation of the retina for management of subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation. II: a preliminary report in humans. Am J Ophthalmol. 1998;128:635–46.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Lewis H. Macular translocation with chorioscleral outfolding: a pilot clinical study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;132:156–63.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kamei M, Tano Y. Limited macular translocation. In: Alfaro V, Ligett P, Mieler WF, Qirioz Mercado H, Jager RD, Tano Y, editors. Age-related macular degeneration. A comprehensive textbook. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams + Wilkins; 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Fujii GY, Pieramici DJ, Humajun MS, et al. Complications associated with limited macular translocation. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;130:751–62.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Fujii GY, de Juan Jr E, Pieramici DJ. Inferior limited macular translocation for subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation secondary to age-related macular degeneration: 1 year visual outcome and recurrence report. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;34:69–74.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Mruthyunjaja P, Stinnet SS, Toth CA. Change in visual function after macular translocation surgery with 360 degree peripheral retinectomy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(9):1715–24.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Ohji M, Fujicado T, Kusaka S, et al. Comparison of three techniques of foveal translocation in patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation resulting from age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;132:88–96.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Aisenbrey S, Lafout BA, Szurman P, et al. Macular translocation with 360 degree retinotomy for exudative age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:451–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Ehlers JP, Toth CA. Macular translocation. In: Retina. 5th ed. Ryan SJ. Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, editors. Surgical retina, vol. 3. 1996–2009.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Fricke J, Neugebauer A, Nobis H, et al. Counterrotation of the globe in macular translocation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2000;238:664–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Pertile G, Claes C. Macular translocation with 360 degree retinectomy for management of age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;134:560–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Lai JC, Lapolice DJ, Stinnett SS. Visual outcome following macular translocation with 360-degree peripheral retinectomy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:1317–24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Luke M, Ziemsen F, Völker M, et al. Full macular translocation (FMT) versus photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: 2 year results of a prospective, controlled randomized pilot trial (FMT-PDT). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009;247:745–54.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Björklund A, Stenevi U. Growth of central catecholamine neurons into smooth muscle grafts in the rat mesencephalon. Brain Res. 1971;31(1):1–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Widner H, Rhencrona S. Transplantation and surgical treatment of parkinsonian syndromes. Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg. 1993;6:344–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Tansley K. The development of the rat eye in graft. J Exp Biol. 1946;22:221–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Royo PE, Quay WB. Retinal transplantation from fetal to maternal mammalian eye. Growth. 1959;23:313–36.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Flood MT, Gouras P, Kjeldbye H. Growth characteristics and ultrastructure of human retinal pigment epithelium in vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1980;19(11):1309–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Gouras P, Flood MT, Kjeldbye H, et al. Transplantation of cultured human retinal pigment epithelium to Bruch’s membrane of the owl monkeys eye. Curr Eye Res. 1985;4:253–65.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Lopez R, Gouras P, Brittis M, et al. Transplantation of cultured rabbit retinal epithelium to rabbit retina using a closed eye method. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1987;28:1131–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Li LX, Turner JE. Inherited retinal dystrophy in the RSC rat prevention of photoreceptor degeneration by pigment epithelial cell transplantation. Exp Eye Res. 1988;47:911–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Gouras P. Transplantation of retinal pigment epithelium. In: Marmor M, Wolfensberger TH, editor. The retinal pigment epithelium, vol. 25. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England; 1998. p. 492–507.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Das SR, Bhardwaj N, Gouras P. Synthesis of retinoids by human retinal epithelium and transfer to rod outer segments. Biochem J. 1990;268:201–6.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Gouras P, Lopez R, Brittis M, et al. Transplantation of cultured retinal epithelium. In: Agarth E, Ehinger B, editors. Retinal signals system, degenerations and transplants. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1986. p. 271–86.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Repucci V, Goluboff E, Wapner F, et al. Retinal pigment epithelium transplantation in the RCS rat. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 1988;29 (ARVO) suppl 144.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Bourne M, Campell D, Tansley K. Hereditary degeneration of the rat retina. Br J Ophthalmol. 1938;22:613–23.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Mullen RJ, La Vail MM. Inherited retinal dystrophy: primary defect in retinal pigment epithelium determined with chimeric rats. Science. 1976;192:799–801.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Heron WL, et al. Retinal dystrophy in the rat. A pigment epithelial disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1969;8:595–604.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Whiteley SJ, Lichfield TM, Tyers P, et al. Retinal pigment epithelium transplanted to the subretinal space improves the papillary light reflex in RCS rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36(4):212–9.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Factorovich EG, Steinberg RH, Tasumura D, et al. Photoreceptor degeneration in inherited retinal dystrophy delayed by basic fibroblast growth factor. Nature. 1990;347:83–6.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Perry J, Du J, Kieldbye H, et al. The effects of bFGF on RSC rat eyes. Curr Eye Res. 1995;14:585–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Peyman GA, Blinder KJ, Paris KJ, et al. A technique for retinal pigment epithelial transplantation for age related macular degeneration secondary to extensive subfoveal scarring. Ophthalmic Surg. 1991;22:102–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. del Cerro M, Das T, Reddy VI, et al. Human fetal neural cell transplantation in retinitis pigmentosa. Vision Research. 1995;35, suppl 140 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  61. Das T, del Cerro M, Jalali S, et al. The transplantation of human fetal neuroretinal cells in advanced retinitis pigmentosa: results od a long term safety study. Exp Neurol. 1999;157:58–68.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Kaplan HJ, Tezel TH, Berger AS, et al. Human photoreceptor transplantation in retinitis pigmentosa; a safety study. Arch Opthalmol. 1997;115:1168–72.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Algvere PV, Berglin L, Gouras P, et al. Transplantation of fetal retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degeneration with subfoveal neovascularisation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1994;232:707–16.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Rezai KA, Kohen L, Wiedemann P, et al. Iris pigment epithelium transplantation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1997;235(9):558–62.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Gelance M, Meneses P, Rosenfeld MR, et al. Long-term results of autologous transplantation of iris pigmented epithelial cells into the subretinal space. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38(4):334–42.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Tamai M, Abe T, Tomita H, et al. Autologous iris pigment transplantation in age related macular degeneration. In: Das T, editor. Retina. Current practice and future trends. Hyderabad: PARAS Publishing; 1999. p. 151–61.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Thumann G, Aisenbrey S, Schraemeyer U. Transplantation of autologous iris pigment epithelium after removal of choroidal neovascular membranes. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118(10):1350–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Thuman G, Heimann K, Schraemeyer U. Quantitative phagocytosis of rod outer segments by human and porcine iris pigment epithelial cells in vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38(4):330.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Bisantis F, Fregona I, Mancini A. Is phagocytosis in iris pigmented (IPE) cultures by human iridectomies a self limited and dose dependant mechanism ? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38(4):5330.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Dintelman T, Heimann K, Kayatz P. Comparative study of ROS degradation by IPE and RPE cells in vitro. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1999;237:830–9.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Binder S, Stolba U, Krebs I, et al. Zur Transplantation autologer Pigmentepithelzellen. Spektrum Augenheilk. 2000;14/5:249–53.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Assadolina A, Binder S, Stanzel B, et al. Harvesting efficacy and viability of retinal pigment epithelial cells in aspirates from posterior retinal areas – a study in human eyes. Spectrum Augenheilk. 2003;17/1:8–10.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Binder S, Stolba U, Krebs I, et al. Transplantation of autologous retinal pigment epithelium in eyes with foveal neovascularisation resulting from age-related macular degeneration: a pilot study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;133(2):215–25.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Binder S, Krebs I, Hilgrers HD, et al. Outcome after transplantation of autologous RPE in age related macular degeneration – a prospective trial. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:4151–60.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Awylard GW, Kyrchenthal A, Stanga PE, et al. RPE-transplantation. A new surgical technique for treatment of choroidal NV in AMD. 12th annual meeting of the Retinal Society, Regensburg; 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Stanga PE, Kychenhal A, Fitzke F. Retinal pigment epithelium translocation after choroidal neovascular membrane removal in age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:1492–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Joussen AM, Heussen FM, Joeres S, et al. Autologous translocation of the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006;142:17–30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Mac Laren RE, Uppal GS, Balaggan KS, et al. Autologous transplantation of the retinal pigment epithelium and choroid in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:561–70.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Falkner-Radler CI, Krebs I, Glittenberg C, Binder S. Human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) transplantation: outcome after autologous RPE-choroid sheet and RPE cell suspension in a randomized clinical study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011;95:370–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Mac Laren RE, Bird AC, Sathia PJ, et al. Long term results of submacular surgery combined with macular translocation of the retinal pigment epithelium in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:2081–7.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Cereda MG, Parolini B, Bellesini E, Pertile G. Surgery for CNV and autologous choroidal RPE patch transplantation: exposing the submacular space. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009;248:37–47.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. van Zeeburg EJ, Cereda MG, van der Schoot J, Pertile G, van Meurs JC. Early perfusion of a free RPE-choroid graft in patients with exudative macular degeneration can be imaged with spectral domain OCT. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(8):5881–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Van Meurs JC, Van Den Biesen PR. Autologous retinal pigment epithelium and choroid translocation in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration: short term follow-up. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136:688–95.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. El Baba F, Jarrett 2nd WH, Harbin Jr TS, Fine SL, Michels RG, Schachat AP, Green HR. Massive hemorrhage complicating age-related macular degeneration: clinicopathologic correlation and role of anticoagulants. Ophthalmology. 1986;93:1591–2.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Tilanus MA, Vaandrager W, Cuypers MH, Verbeek AM, Hoyng CB. Relationship between anticoagulant medication and massive intraocular hemorrhage in age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2000;238:482–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Kulli-Hattenbach C, Fischer IB, Schalnus R, Hattenbach LO. Sub-retinal hemorrhages associated with age-related macular degeneration in patients receiving anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010;149:316–21.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Yannuzzi LA, Wong DWK, Sforzolini BS, Goldbaum M, Tang KC, Spaide RF, Freund KB, Slakter JS, Guyer DR, Sorenson JA, Fisher Y, Maberley D, Orlock DA. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and neovascularized age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999;117:1503–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Uyama M, Matsubara T, Fukushima I, Matsunaga H, Iwashita K, Nagai Y, Takahashi K. Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Japanese patients. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999;117:1035–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Glatt H, Machemer R. Experimental subretinal hemorrhage in rabbits. Am J Ophthalmol. 1982;94:762–73.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Toth CA, Morse LS, Hjelmeland LM, Landers 3rd MB. Fibrin directs early retinal damage after experimental subretinal hemorrhage. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991;109:723–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Bennett SR, Folk JC, Blodi CF, Klugman M. Factors prognostic of visual outcome in patients with subretinal hemorrhage. Am J Ophthalmol. 1990;109:33–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Berrocal MH, Lewis ML, Flynn Jr HW. Variations in the clinical course of submacular hemorrhage. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996;122:486–93 (published erratum appears in Am J Ophthalmol 1996;122:920).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Wade EC, Flynn Jr HW, Olsen KR, Blumenkrantz MS, Nicholson DH. Sub-retinal hemorrhage management by pars plana vitrectomy and internal drainage. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108:973–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Avery RL, Fekrat S, Hawkins BS, Bressler NM. Natural history of subfoveal subretinal hemorrhage in age-related macular degeneration. Retina. 1996;16:183–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Stifter E, Michels S, Prager F, Georgopoulos M, Polak K, Hirn C, Schmidt-Erfurth U. Intravitreal bevacizumab therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration with large submacular hemorrhage. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;144:886–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Shienbaum G, Garcia Filho AA, Flynn HW, Nunes RP, Smiddy WE, Rosenfeld PJ. Management of submacular hemorrhage secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monotherapy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;155:1009–13.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Chang MA, Do DV, Bressler SB, Cassard SD, Gower EW, Bressler NM. Prospective one-year study of ranibizumab for predominantly hemorrhagic choroidal neovascular lesions in age-related macular degeneration. Retina. 2010;30:1171–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Hanscom TA, Diddie DR. Early surgical drainage of macular subretinal hemorrhage. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987;105:1722–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Vander JF, Federman JL, Greven C, Slusher MM, Gabel VP. Surgical removal of massive subretinal hemorrhage associated with age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 1991;98:23–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Mandelcorn MS, Menezes AV. Surgical removal of subretinal hemorrhage and choroidal neovascular membranes in acute hemorrhagic age-related macular degeneration. Can J Ophthalmol. 1993;28:19–23.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Collen D, Lijnen HR. Tissue-type plasminogen activator: mechanisms of action and thrombolytic properties. Haemostasis. 1986;16 suppl 3:25–32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Holyaerts M, Rijken OC, Lijnen HR, Collen D. Kinetics of the activation of plasminogen by human tissue plasminogen activator. Role of fibrin. J Biol Chem. 1982;257:2912.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Irvine WD, Johnson MW, Hernandez E, Olsen KR. Retinal toxicity of human tissue plasminogen activator in vitrectomized rabbit eyes. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991;109:718–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Lewis H, Resnick SC, Flannery JG, Straatsma BR. Tissue plasminogen activator treatment of experimental subretinal hemorrhage. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991;111:197–204.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Benner JD, Morse LS, Toth CA, Landers MDIII, Hjelmeland LM. Evaluation of a commercial recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator preparation in the subretinal space of the cat. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991;109:1731–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Hrach CJ, Johnson MW, Hassan AS, Lei B, Sieving PA, Elner VM. Retinal toxicity of commercial intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator solution in cat eyes. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;128:650–63.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Johnson MW, Olsen DR, Hernandez E. Tissue plasminogen activator treatment of experimental subretinal hemorrhage. Retina. 1991;11:250–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Hesse L, Schmidt J, Kroll P. Management of acute submacular hemorrhage using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and gas. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1999;237:273–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Kimura AE, Reddy CV, Folk JC, Farmer SG. Removal of subretinal hemorrhage facilitated by preoperative intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator. Retina. 1994;14:83–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Lim JI, Drews-Botsch C, Sternberg Jr P, Capone Jr A, Aaberg Sr TM. Submacular hemorrhage removal. Ophthalmology. 1995;102:1393–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Kamei M, Misono K, Lewis H. A study of the ability of tissue plasminogen activator to diffuse into the subretinal space after intravitreal injection in rabbits. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;128:739–46.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Takeuchi A, Kricorian G, Yao XY, Kenny JW, Marmor MF. The rate and source of albumin entry into saline-filled experimental retinal detachments. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994;35:3792–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Coll GE, Sparrow JR, Marinovic A, Chang S. Effect of intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator on experimental subretinal hemorrhage. Retina. 1995;15:319–26.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Boone DE, Boldt HC, Ross RD, Folk JC, Kimura AE. The use of intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator in the treatment of experimental subretinal hemorrhage in the pig model. Retina. 1996;16:518–24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Kwan ASL, Vijaysekaran S, McAllister IL, Yu PK, Yu D. A study of retinal penetration of intravitreal tenecteplase in pigs. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:2662–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Johnson MW, Olsen DR, Hernandez E. Tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis during surgical evacuation of experimental subretinal hemorrhage. Ophthalmology. 1992;99:515–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Peyman GA, Nelson Jr NC, Alturki W, Blinder KJ, Paris CL, Desai UR, Harper 3rd CA. Tissue plasminogen activating factor assisted removal of subretinal hemorrhage. Ophthalmic Surg. 1991;22:575–82.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Lewis H. Intraoperative fibrinolysis for submacular hemorrhage with tissue plasminogen activator and surgical drainage. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;118:559–68.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Ibanez HE, Williams DF, Thomas MA, Ruby AJ, Meredith TA, Boniuk I, Grand MG. Surgical management of submacular hemorrhage: a series of 47 consecutive cases. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995;113:62–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Kamei M, Tano Y, Maeno T, Ikuno Y, Mitsuda H, Yuasa T. Surgical removal of submacular hemorrhage using tissue plasminogen activator and perfluorocarbon liquid. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996;121:267–75.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Bressler NM, et al.; Submacular Surgery Trials (SST) Research Group. Surgery for hemorrhagic choroidal neovascular lesions of age-related macular degeneration: ophthalmic findings. SST report no. 13. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:1993–2006.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Heriot WJ. Intravitreal gas and TPA: an outpatient procedure for sub-retinal hemorrhage. Presented at Vail Vitrectomy meeting, Vail; Mar 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Hassan AS, Johnson MW, Schneiderman TE, et al. Management of submacular hemorrhage with intravitreous tissue plasminogen activator injection and pneumatic displacement. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:1900–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Meier P, Zeumer C, Jochmann C, Wiedemann P. Management of submacular hemorrhage by tissue plasminogen activator and SF(6) gas injection. Ophthalmologe. 1999;96:643–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Karlsson E, Carlsson J, Crafoord S, Jemt M, Martensson PA, Stenkula S. Tissue plasminogen activator and expanding gas intravitreally in treatment of submacular hemorrhage. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1999;77:119.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Ohji M, Saito Y, Hayashi A, Lewis JM, Tano Y. Pneumatic displacement of subretinal hemorrhage without tissue plasminogen activator. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998;116:1326–32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Haupert CL, McCuen 2nd BW, Jaffe GJ, Steuer ER, Cox TA, Toth CA, Fekrat S, Postel EA. Pars plana vitrectomy, subretinal injection of tissue plasminogen activator, and fluid-gas exchange for displacement of thick submacular hemorrhage in age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;131:208–15.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Olivier S, Chow DR, Packo KH, MacCumber MW, Awh CC. Sub-retinal recombinant tissue plasminogen activator injection and pneumatic displacement of thick submacular hemorrhage in age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:1201–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Martel JN, Mahmoud TH. Subretinal pneumatic displacement of subretinal hemorrhage. JAMA Ophthal. 2013;131:5464.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Stopa M, Lincoff A, Lincoff H. Analysis of forces acting upon submacular hemorrhage in pneumatic displacement. Retina. 2007;27:370–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Foster WJ, Chou T. Physical mechanisms of gas and perfluoron retinopexy and sub-retinal fluid displacement. Phys Med Biol. 2004;49:2989–97.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Rudolph Foundation Hospital, Vienna, Austria

    Susanne Binder MD

  2. The Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Retinology and Biomicroscopic Laser Surgery, Vienna, Austria

    Susanne Binder MD

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Lawrence P. Chong MD

  4. VMR Institute for Vitreous Macula Retina, 7677 Center Avenue, suite 400, Huntington Beach, CA, 92647, USA

    Lawrence P. Chong MD

Authors
  1. Susanne Binder MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lawrence P. Chong MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Susanne Binder MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. VMR Institute for Vitreous Macula Retina, Huntington Beach, California, USA

    J. Sebag

Electronic Supplementary Material

Video V.A.1-1

(AVI 131278 kb)

Video V.A.1-2

(AVI 131278 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Binder, S., Chong, L.P. (2014). V.A.1. Age-Related Macular Degeneration Surgery. In: Sebag, J. (eds) Vitreous. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1086-1_32

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1086-1_32

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1085-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1086-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation