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Stem Cell Therapies in Neonatology

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Adult Stem Cell Therapies: Alternatives to Plasticity

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

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Abstract

The frequency of preterm birth has risen noticeably over the last few years. Premature infants of low body weight reveal a high risk of complications, including brain injury, retinopathy of prematurity, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, anemia, resulting in psychomotor disability. Preterm delivery is therefore one of the most important factors of neonatal mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Hence, there is growing interest in the identification of factors that may facilitate prevention of premature birth complications. Efficient prevention and treatment of these conditions remains a priority in medicine. This chapter introduces the clinical problem of premature birth, describes various stem cell populations in umbilical cord blood and their potential association with development of premature birth complications. It reviews experimental studies aimed on protection of physiological preterm infant development and describes novel therapeutic approaches.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland

    Bogusław Machaliński

Authors
  1. Bogusław Machaliński
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Correspondence to Bogusław Machaliński .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Louisville, Stem Cell Institute, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

    Mariusz Z. Ratajczak

Conclusions and Future Perspectives

Conclusions and Future Perspectives

The clinical need for therapeutic approach aimed to alleviate symptoms and complications of premature birth is growing. Our preliminary study that included a small number of preterm neonates does not authorize us to draw a substantially clear conclusion. Yet, many hurdles remain to be overcome before safe translation of UCB-based therapies in newborns can be achieved. Nevertheless, promising initial experience led us to believe that further clinical trial, with longer follow-up and well-selected endpoints would help us to fully determine safety and effectiveness of using autogenic UCB in the first days of life for decreasing the risk of systemic complications developing in prematurely born infants.

Although cell-based therapy is relatively novel approach to the treatment of prematurity complications, our encouraging initial experience together with new data derived from novel animal studies widen the horizons for this novel strategy. Having accepted the limitations of our current knowledge, it seems appropriate to state that SC therapies in neonatology hold exceedingly great promise.

Acknowledgments

The work was supported by European Union structural funds—Innovative Economy Operational Program POIG.01.01.02-00-109/09-00.

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Machaliński, B. (2014). Stem Cell Therapies in Neonatology. In: Ratajczak, M. (eds) Adult Stem Cell Therapies: Alternatives to Plasticity. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1001-4_10

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