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Enteric Glial Cells: Implications in Gut Pathology

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Pathological Potential of Neuroglia

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Abstract

Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are common, debilitating and all too often, humiliating disorders. Many of the most devastating, and permanent symptoms of GI disease are caused by alterations to the enteric nervous system (ENS); the local neural network that lines the walls of the intestines and controls moment-to-moment gut functions. The ENS is by far the largest, and most complex, component of the peripheral nervous system and the intrinsic neural circuitry within the ganglionated enteric neural networks can control most gut functions in the absence of input from the central nervous system (CNS). This “little brain” in the gut is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the CNS than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the CNS, this “gut brain” has its own distinct population of glia, called enteric glia, that are analogous to the astrocytes of the CNS. Recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology but elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remains elusive. This chapter focuses on our current understanding of enteric glial physiology and how enteric glia contribute to, or are altered by, pathological events in the gut.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd, 48824, East Lansing, MI, USA

    Brian D. Gulbransen

  2. Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd, BPS building Rm 3120, 48824, East Lansing, MI, USA

    Isola A. M. Brown

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  1. Brian D. Gulbransen
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  2. Isola A. M. Brown
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Correspondence to Brian D. Gulbransen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA

    Vladimir Parpura

  2. Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

    Alexei Verkhratsky

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Gulbransen, B., Brown, I. (2014). Enteric Glial Cells: Implications in Gut Pathology. In: Parpura, V., Verkhratsky, A. (eds) Pathological Potential of Neuroglia. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0974-2_21

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