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Ionic Signaling in Physiology and Pathophysiology of Astroglia

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Pathological Potential of Neuroglia

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Abstract

Excitability of astrocytes is based on spatio-temporally organized fluctuations of intracellular concentrations of two ions, Ca2+ and Na+. This is dictated by ionic movements between intracellular compartments, and between the cytosol and the extracellular space, achieved by concentration-driven diffusion through membrane channels or transport by pumps and exchangers. Neuronal activity triggers transient elevation of Ca2+ and Na+ in astrocytes; changes in cytosolic levels of these ions translate into functional responses through multiple molecular cascades. Aberrant ionic signaling contributes to pathological reactions of astroglia in various forms of neurological diseases, such as stroke, epilepsy, and various neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Manoj K. Gottipati for comments on a previous version of the manuscript. Authors’ research was supported by Alzheimer’s Research Trust (UK) Programme Grant (ART/PG2004A/1) to A.V. and by the National Institutes of Health (The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development award HD078678) to V.P.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT, Manchester, UK

    Alexei Verkhratsky

  2. Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain

    Alexei Verkhratsky

  3. Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Avenue South, CIRC 429, 35294, Birmingham, AL, USA

    Vladimir Parpura

  4. Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia

    Vladimir Parpura

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  1. Alexei Verkhratsky
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  2. Vladimir Parpura
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Correspondence to Alexei Verkhratsky .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA

    Vladimir Parpura

  2. Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

    Alexei Verkhratsky

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Verkhratsky, A., Parpura, V. (2014). Ionic Signaling in Physiology and Pathophysiology of Astroglia. In: Parpura, V., Verkhratsky, A. (eds) Pathological Potential of Neuroglia. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0974-2_2

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