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Microbial Endocrinology: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease pp 417–432Cite as

The Future of Probiotics for Disorders of the Brain-Gut Axis

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((MICENDO,volume 817))

Abstract

Probiotics, or at the very least products that might have probiotic properties, have been with us for decades, if not centuries, but it has only been in recent years that they have been subjected to serious scientific study. This surge in interest in probiotics has coincided with the era of the microbiome; as more and more is understood about the gut microbiota in health and disease, the therapeutic option of modulating the microbiota through the administration of probiotics has gained a more secure foundation. Regrettably, while a vast literature attests to the beneficial impact of probiotics in a variety of animal models and the mechanisms underlying such positive effects have been dissected in great detail, the data base on probiotics in man remains pretty slender.

To make progress, a number of basic issues need to be addressed: strain characterization and other aspects of quality control need to be rigorously applied and additional steps such as dose optimization, definition of desired site of effect and tailoring of formulation accordingly accomplished before large scale trials, based on appropriately selected study endpoints and employing a clinically meaningful study duration, are embarked upon. Meantime, it is to be hoped that the regulatory climate will have been clarified and appropriate guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics, whether as food or drug, developed. Ultimately, the current terminology may have to be abandoned as evidence for biological and clinical activity for dead bacteria, bacterial components and bacterial products accumulates.

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Abbreviations

EFSA:

European Food Safety Authority

FGID:

Functional gastrointestinal disorder

IBS:

Irritable bowel syndrome

IL:

Interleukin

SIBO:

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine Department, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin Street, SM 1001, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Eamonn M. M. Quigley

  2. Department of Medicine, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

    Fergus Shanahan

Authors
  1. Eamonn M. M. Quigley
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  2. Fergus Shanahan
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Correspondence to Eamonn M. M. Quigley .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas, USA

    Mark Lyte

  2. Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College, Cork, Cork, Ireland

    John F. Cryan

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© 2014 Springer New York

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Quigley, E.M.M., Shanahan, F. (2014). The Future of Probiotics for Disorders of the Brain-Gut Axis. In: Lyte, M., Cryan, J. (eds) Microbial Endocrinology: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 817. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_19

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