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Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Related Cancer

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Viruses and Human Cancer

Abstract

KSHV is the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and a variant of multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD). KSHV epidemiology varies by geography, being common in sub-Saharan Africa, less so in the Mediterranean, and infrequent in the USA and Northern Europe, except amongst men who have sex with men (MSM); it is also influenced by environmental factors and host genetics. Transmission is primarily via saliva, and is likely nonsexual except in MSMs. The main known risk factor for acquisition and transmission is HIV infection.

KS a polyclonal multifocal disease of endothelial origin, of which there exist four clinic-epidemiological variants. Classic KS affects typically elderly men of Mediterranean descent. Endemic KS occurs in younger adult and children in sub-Saharan Africa. Iatrogenic KS presents in transplant recipient. Epidemic KS is the most frequent AIDS-associated malignancy. PEL is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) presenting in AIDS patients. KSHV-associated MCD is a very rare lymphoproliferative diseases occurring in HIV infection. Advances in understanding of pathogenesis of KSHV-associated malignancies have recently brought to light novel therapeutic opportunities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, B, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA

    Nazzarena Labo M.D., M.P.H. & Denise Whitby Ph.D.

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  2. Denise Whitby Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Denise Whitby Ph.D. .

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  1. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

    S. David Hudnall

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Labo, N., Whitby, D. (2014). Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Related Cancer. In: Hudnall, S. (eds) Viruses and Human Cancer. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0870-7_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0870-7_13

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