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Prosocial Behavior and Social Status

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The Psychology of Social Status

Abstract

Humans are a very prosocial species, in that we often help others even at a cost to ourselves. Such behavior affects—and is affected by—a person’s social status. In the current chapter, we examine the interactions between social status and prosocial behavior, and we show that causation goes in both directions. On the one hand, laboratory and field evidence show that prosocial behavior can be a means of achieving, or maintaining, elevated status and accessing the accompanying material and social rewards. On the other hand, possessing status can also affect prosocial behavior (for better or worse) by altering the costs and benefits of prosociality, for example, by affecting people’s dependence on others, their vested interest in others, their ability to be prosocial, and their need for status maintenance. Status thus influences the use of prosocial behavior, but can increase it or decrease it depending on the context and the specific type of prosocial behavior. By understanding this bi-directional causation and applying it, we can harness people’s desire for status to promote prosocial behaviors by ensuring its visibility and by fostering competitive altruism.

Authors Sara Kafashan and Adam Sparks contributed equally to this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada

    Sara Kafashan, Adam Sparks & Pat Barclay

  2. Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA

    Vladas Griskevicius

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  1. Sara Kafashan
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  2. Adam Sparks
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  3. Vladas Griskevicius
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  4. Pat Barclay
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Correspondence to Pat Barclay .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA

    Joey T. Cheng

  2. Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Jessica L. Tracy

  3. Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA

    Cameron Anderson

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Kafashan, S., Sparks, A., Griskevicius, V., Barclay, P. (2014). Prosocial Behavior and Social Status. In: Cheng, J., Tracy, J., Anderson, C. (eds) The Psychology of Social Status. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0867-7_7

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