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Epidemiology of AIDS-Defining Malignancies

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Cancers in People with HIV and AIDS

Abstract

AIDS-defining malignancies are a subset of HIV-associated malignancies that include Kaposi sarcoma, some forms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and invasive cervical cancer (see also Chap. 3). Kaposi sarcoma along with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was among the first diseases that comprised the original surveillance definition of AIDS in the USA. Subsequently NHL (1985) and invasive cervical cancer were added (CDC 1992). Compared to non-AIDS-defining malignancies, Kaposi sarcoma and NHL demonstrated the highest incidence in the early AIDS epidemic. As shown in the first figure of this chapter, with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996, the incidence patterns of these cancers with the exception of cervical cancer dropped significantly. It is hypothesized that HAART restores immune function and delays progression to AIDS. However, even with improved clinical outcomes, HAART has not eliminated the risk of AIDS-defining malignancies. HIV-positive persons still remain at a substantially increased risk of developing these cancers as compared to the general population and AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related cancers combined are the most frequent underlying causes of death in AIDS in the USA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    William A. Blattner M.D. & Rebecca G. Nowak Ph.D., M.P.H.

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  1. William A. Blattner M.D.
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  2. Rebecca G. Nowak Ph.D., M.P.H.
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Correspondence to William A. Blattner M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Cancer Institute HIV/AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Robert Yarchoan

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Blattner, W.A., Nowak, R.G. (2014). Epidemiology of AIDS-Defining Malignancies. In: Yarchoan, R. (eds) Cancers in People with HIV and AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0859-2_2

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