Abstract
Bladder pain syndrome signifies pain perceived to be in the area of the bladder, worsening with bladder filling, and associated with increased urinary frequency and urgency. It is a complex multifactorial condition with various mechanisms suggested, such as deficiency in the urothelium or increased activation of sensory nerves. Diagnosis requires examination, pain mapping and endoscopy. Management requires multidisciplinary specialist input and focuses on behavioural modification, stress reduction, dietary manipulation, oral therapy, intravesical instillations and potentially surgery. Sometimes urinary diversion is warranted. The complex central perpetuation mechanisms, the psychological reactions, and the disparate nature of the problem make this a difficult area to manage.
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Drake, M.J. (2014). Bladder Pain Syndrome. In: Wein, A., Andersson, KE., Drake, M., Dmochowski, R. (eds) Bladder Dysfunction in the Adult. Current Clinical Urology. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0853-0_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0853-0_6
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