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Role of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Respiratory Diseases

  • Harijith Anantha
  • Prasad Kanteti
  • Panfeng Fu
  • Sainath R. Kotha
  • Narasimham L. Parinandi
  • Viswanathan NatarajanEmail author
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Respiratory Medicine book series (RM, volume 15)

Abstract

Mitochondria are key cellular organelles that not only supply cellular ATP but also integrate redox signaling, apoptotic balance, and biosynthetic pathways in the cell. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to loss of cellular function, and in humans, mitochondrial dysfunction causes numerous pathologies including cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and respiratory diseases. Mitochondria are a major source of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial ROS production is tightly regulated by the various states of electron transport chain and antioxidant systems present within the mitochondria. As accumulation of mitochondria-derived ROS have been linked to several human diseases, a better understanding of mitochondrial ROS signaling and regulation of its production and function is clinically relevant under physiological and pathological situations. Further, as mitochondrial ROS is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction in various human pathologies, targeting mitochondrial ROS with specific antioxidants has been an area of intense investigation. Thus, there is considerable evidence for mitochondrial ROS in normal cell function and signaling, and in this review, we discuss recent advances on the generation, regulation, and targeting of mitochondrial ROS.

Keywords

Mitochondria Oxidative stress ROS RNS Respiratory diseases 
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© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  • Harijith Anantha
    • 1
  • Prasad Kanteti
    • 2
  • Panfeng Fu
    • 2
  • Sainath R. Kotha
    • 3
  • Narasimham L. Parinandi
    • 4
  • Viswanathan Natarajan
    • 5
    Email author
  1. 1.Department of PediatricsUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUSA
  2. 2.Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUSA
  3. 3.Department of Internal MedicineWexner Medical Center, 201 Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteColumbusUSA
  4. 4.Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineOhio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusUSA
  5. 5.Department of Pharmacology and MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUSA

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