Abstract
Feeding is a vital function that provides nutritional and energy metabolism needs for animals. To ensure feeding, mammalian brains possess several interrelated neuronal systems that regulate different aspects of feeding behaviors. These neuronal circuits controlling food intake are strongly regulated by peripheral signals that contribute to the fine regulation of the energy homeostasis, such as metabolites and hormones. Among the signals regulating food intake, the stomach-derived hormone ghrelin and its receptor [named ghrelin receptor or the growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a (ghrelin receptor 1a)] play a major role. Ghrelin is the only mammalian peptide hormone able to increase food intake. Ghrelin stimulates appetite by affecting both food intake itself and also the rewarding aspects of feeding. As discussed below, the central distribution of ghrelin receptor 1a supports the concept that ghrelin regulates both homeostatic and hedonic aspects of feeding, and evidence from different studies confirms that ghrelin promotes food intake via diverse mechanisms. Of note, derangements in the ghrelin/ghrelin receptor 1a system have been reported in several eating disorders, including obesity, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorders, cachexia, and Prader-Willi syndrome. Here, the potential pathways by which ghrelin receptor 1a regulates feeding, with a special focus on hedonic aspects of eating, are delineated. Also, recent evidence suggesting a role of the ghrelin system in disorders with alterations of food intake is briefly reviewed.
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Acknowledgments
This manuscript was supported by grants from the National Agency of Scientific and Technological Promotion of Argentina (PICT2010-1954 and PICT2011-2142 to MP, and PICT2010-1589 and PICT2011-1816 to JR). We would like to thank Nicolas De Francesco and Agustina Cabral for critically reading the manuscript.
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Perello, M., Raingo, J. (2014). Central Ghrelin Receptors and Food Intake. In: Portelli, J., Smolders, I. (eds) Central Functions of the Ghrelin Receptor. The Receptors, vol 25. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0823-3_5
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