Abstract
Stem cells are unspecialized cells with the ability of self-renewal, a high potential for proliferation, and the ability to become a variety of cell types in the body. There are basically four types of stem cells: Embryonic stem cells, which are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts; adult stem cells, which are found in various tissues including umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, mammary, brain, endothelium, etc.; amniotic stem cells, which are found in amniotic fluid; and inducible pluripotent stem cells—reprogrammed cells (e.g. epithelial cells) given pluripotent capabilities. Mammary stem cells belong to adult stem cells; these cells provide the source of cells for the growth of the mammary gland during puberty and gestation. Single such cells can give rise to both luminal and myoepithelial cell types within the gland, and have the ability to regenerate the entire organ in mice. The practical definition of a stem cell is the functional definition—a cell that has the potential of self-renewal and to regenerate tissue over a lifetime. The stem cell markers used are genes or products used to isolate and identify stem cells.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge Theresa Nguyen for TMA preparation and IHC staining; Nathan Hopfinger for extracting images and analyses; Fritzi Thomas, Joseph Silverberg, Viviana Serrato, Riddhi Amin, Edward Wadell, Victoria Hall, Courtney Michner and Cameron Jeffers for the quantification of the staining. We also acknowledge the histopathology facility at FCCC for the scanning of the slides.
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Su, Y., Diez, P.J.G., Santucci-Pereira, J., Russo, I.H., Russo, J. (2014). In Situ Methods for Identifying the Stem Cell of the Normal and Cancerous Breast. In: Techniques and Methodological Approaches in Breast Cancer Research. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0718-2_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0718-2_6
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