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Studies on Pediatric Disorders pp 35–54Cite as

Nitrite-Dependent Nitric Oxide Production Pathway: Diversity of NO Production Systems

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Abstract

Oxidative stress arises from the uncontrolled actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that originate from O2 taken into the cells. Following the discovery of versatile functions for the radical nitric oxide (NO) in mammals, research has focused on the roles played by reactive nitrogen species (RNS), including NO, in disorders and diseases associated with oxidative stress. Previously, the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) system was thought to be the sole enzymatic mechanism for NO production in mammals. More recently, accumulating evidence has revealed the nitrite-dependent NO production pathway to be another important mechanism. This chapter provides an overview of our current knowledge of NO production from nitrite with emphasis on the features that distinguish it from NOS-catalyzed l-arginine-dependent NO synthesis.

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Abbreviations

AsA:

Ascorbate

DHA:

Dehydroascorbate

dNiR:

Dissimilatory nitrite reductase

eNOS:

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase

HO1:

Heme oxygenase-1

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

MDA:

Monodehydroascorbate

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NiR:

Nitrite reductase

NO:

Nitric oxide

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

NR:

Nitrate reductase

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

US EPA:

United States Environmental Protection Agency

XOR:

Xanthine oxidoreductase

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Acknowledgements

Work in the authors’ laboratory (H.Y.) was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan

    Hideo Yamasaki Ph.D. & Naoko S. Watanabe M.Sc.

  2. Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, 94928, USA

    Jon Fukuto Ph.D.

  3. Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, 94928, USA

    Michael F. Cohen Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Hideo Yamasaki Ph.D.
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  2. Naoko S. Watanabe M.Sc.
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  3. Jon Fukuto Ph.D.
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  4. Michael F. Cohen Ph.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hideo Yamasaki Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan

    Hirokazu Tsukahara

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan

    Kazunari Kaneko

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Yamasaki, H., Watanabe, N.S., Fukuto, J., Cohen, M.F. (2014). Nitrite-Dependent Nitric Oxide Production Pathway: Diversity of NO Production Systems. In: Tsukahara, H., Kaneko, K. (eds) Studies on Pediatric Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0679-6_3

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