Abstract
The partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in tissues plays an important role in the pathophysiology of many diseases and influences outcome of cancer therapy, ischemic heart and cerebrovascular disease treatments and wound healing. Over the years a suite of EPR techniques for reliable oxygen measurements has been developed. This is a mini-review of pulse EPR in vivo oxygen imaging methods that utilize soluble spin probes. Recent developments in pulse EPR imaging technology have brought an order of magnitude increase in image acquisition speed, enhancement of sensitivity and considerable improvement in the precision and accuracy of oxygen measurements.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Eastman PE, Kooser RG, Pas MR, Freed JH (1969) Studies of Heisenberg spin exchange in ESR spectra I. Linewidth and saturation effects. J Chem Phys 54(2690)
Tatum JL et al (2006) Hypoxia: Importance in tumor biology, noninvasive measurement by imaging, and value of its measurement in the management of cancer therapy. Int J Radiat Biol 82:699–757
Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH et al (1998) EPR and DNP properties of certain novel single electron contrast agents intended for oximetric imaging. J Magn Reson 133:1–12
Williams BB et al (2002) Imaging spin probe distribution in the tumor of a living mouse with 250 MHz EPR: correlation with BOLD MRI. Magn Reson Med 47:634–638
Matsumoto K et al (2004) Pharmacokinetics of a triarylmethyl-type paramagnetic spin probe used in EPR oximetry. Magn Reson Med 52:885–892
Krishna MC et al (2002) Overhauser enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for tumor oximetry: coregistration of tumor anatomy and tissue oxygen concentration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:2216–2221
Williams BB, Pan XC, Halpern HJ (2005) EPR imaging: the relationship between CW spectra acquired from an extended sample subjected to fixed stepped gradients and the Radon transform of the resonance density. J Magn Reson 174:88–96
Deans SR (1983) The radon transformation and some of its applications. John Wiley & Sons, New York
Ahn KH, Halpern HJ (2007) Spatially uniform sampling in 4-D EPR spectral-spatial imaging. J Magn Reson 185:152–158
Ahmad R et al (2007) Enhanced resolution for EPR imaging by two-step deblurring. J Magn Reson 184:246–257
Maresch GG, Mehring M, Emid S (1986) High-resolution electron-spin-resonance imaging. Physica B C 138:261–263
Subramanian S et al (2002) Single-point (constant-time) imaging in radiofrequency Fourier transform electron paramagnetic resonance. Magn Reson Med 48:370–379
Devasahayam N et al (2007) Strategies for improved temporal and spectral resolution in in vivo oximetric imaging using time-domain EPR. Magn Reson Med 57:776–783
Matsumoto K et al (2006) Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging of tumor hypoxia: enhanced spatial and temporal resolution for in vivo pO(2) determination. Magn Reson Med 55:1157–1163
Mailer C, Sundramoorthy SV, Pelizzari CA, Halpern HJ (2006) Spin echo spectroscopic electron paramagnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med 55:904–912
Epel B, Sundramoorthy SV, Mailer C, Halpern HJ (2008) A versatile high speed 250-MHz pulse imager for biomedical applications. Conc Magn Reson B 33B:163–176
Subramanian S et al (2012) Echo-based single point imaging (ESPI): a novel pulsed EPR imaging modality for high spatial resolution and quantitative oximetry (San Diego, CA: 1997). J Magn Reson 218:105–114
Epel B, Bowman MK, Mailer C, Halpern HJ (2013) Absolute oxygen R1e imaging in vivo with pulse electron paramagnetic resonance. Magnet Reson Med. Epub ahead of print
Gallez B, Baudelet C, Jordan BF (2004) Assessment of tumor oxygenation by electron paramagnetic resonance: principles and applications. NMR Biomed 17:240–262
Swartz HM, Clarkson RB (1998) The measurement of oxygen in vivo using EPR techniques. Phys Med Biol 43:1957–1975
Acknowledgments
Supported by NIH grants P41 EB002034 and R01 CA98575.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this paper
Cite this paper
Epel, B., Redler, G., Halpern, H.J. (2014). How In Vivo EPR Measures and Images Oxygen. In: Swartz, H.M., Harrison, D.K., Bruley, D.F. (eds) Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXVI. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 812. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0620-8_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0620-8_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-0583-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-0620-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)