Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Fructose, High Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose and Health pp 63–84Cite as

Non-nutritive Sweeteners

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 3353 Accesses

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Blundell JE, Hill AJ. Paradoxical effects of an intense sweetener (aspartame) on appetite. Lancet. 1986;1:1092–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Rogers PJ, Carlyle JA, Hill AJ, Blundell JE. Uncoupling sweet taste and calories: comparison of the effects of glucose and three intense sweeteners on hunger and food intake. Physiol Behav. 1988;43:547–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Rolls BJ. Effects of intense sweeteners on hunger, food intake, and body weight: a review. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53:872–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Fowler SP, Williams K, Resendez RG, Hunt KJ, Hazuda HP, Stern MP. Fueling the obesity epidemic? artificially sweetened beverage use and long-term weight gain. Obesity. 2008;16:1894–900.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Egan JM, Margolskee RF. Taste cells of the gut and gastrointestinal chemosensation. Mol Interv. 2008;8:78–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Lindemann B. Receptors and transduction in taste. Nature. 2001;413:219–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Lindemann B. Taste reception. Physiol Rev. 1996;76:719–66.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Yarmolinsky DA, Zuker CS, Ryba NJ. Common sense about taste: from mammals to insects. Cell. 2009;139:234–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. McBurney DH, Gent JF. On the nature of taste qualities. Psychol Bull. 1979;86:151–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Hoon MA, Adler E, Lindemeier J, Battey JF, Ryba NJ, Zuker CS. Putative mammalian taste receptors: a class of taste-specific GPCRs with distinct topographic selectivity. Cell. 1999;96:541–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Max M, Shanker YG, Huang L, et al. Tas1r3, encoding a new candidate taste receptor, is allelic to the sweet responsiveness locus Sac. Nat Genet. 2001;28:58–63.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Montmayeur JP, Liberles SD, Matsunami H, Buck LB. A candidate taste receptor gene near a sweet taste locus. Nat Neurosci. 2001;4:492–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kitagawa M, Kusakabe Y, Miura H, Ninomiya Y, Hino A. Molecular genetic identification of a candidate receptor gene for sweet taste. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001;283:236–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Nelson G, Hoon MA, Chandrashekar J, Zhang Y, Ryba NJ, Zuker CS. Mammalian sweet taste receptors. Cell. 2001;106:381–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Sainz E, Korley JN, Battey JF, Sullivan SL. Identification of a novel member of the T1R family of putative taste receptors. J Neurochem. 2001;77:896–903.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Bachmanov AA, Li X, Reed DR, et al. Positional cloning of the mouse saccharin preference (Sac) locus. Chem Senses. 2001;26:925–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Li X, Staszewski L, Xu H, Durick K, Zoller M, Adler E. Human receptors for sweet and umami taste. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99:4692–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Nelson G, Chandrashekar J, Hoon MA, et al. An amino-acid taste receptor. Nature. 2002;416:199–202.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Sclafani A, Abrams M. Rats show only a weak preference for the artificial sweetener aspartame. Physiol Behav. 1986;37:253–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Danilova V, Hellekant G, Tinti JM, Nofre C. Gustatory responses of the hamster Mesocricetus auratus to various compounds considered sweet by humans. J Neurophysiol. 1998;80:2102–12.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhao GQ, Zhang Y, Hoon MA, et al. The receptors for mammalian sweet and umami taste. Cell. 2003;115:255–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Xu H, Staszewski L, Tang H, Adler E, Zoller M, Li X. Different functional roles of T1R subunits in the heteromeric taste receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:14258–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Liu B, Ha M, Meng XY, et al. Molecular mechanism of species-dependent sweet taste toward artificial sweeteners. J Neurosci. 2011;31:11070–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Jiang P, Cui M, Zhao B, et al. Lactisole interacts with the transmembrane domains of human T1R3 to inhibit sweet taste. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:15238–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Jiang P, Ji Q, Liu Z, et al. The cysteine-rich region of T1R3 determines responses to intensely sweet proteins. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:45068–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Assadi-Porter FM, Maillet EL, Radek JT, Quijada J, Markley JL, Max M. Key amino acid residues involved in multi-point binding interactions between brazzein, a sweet protein, and the T1R2-T1R3 human sweet receptor. J Mol Biol. 2010;398:584–99.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Yamaguchi S. The synergistic taste effect of monosodium glutamate and disodium 5′-Inosinate. J Food Sci. 1967;32:473–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Nie Y, Vigues S, Hobbs JR, Conn GL, Munger SD. Distinct contributions of T1R2 and T1R3 taste receptor subunits to the detection of sweet stimuli. Curr Biol. 2005;15:1948–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Vigues S, Dotson CD, Munger SD. The receptor basis of sweet taste in mammals. In: Meyerhof W, Korsching S, editors. Chemosensory systems in mammals, fishes, and insects. Berlin: Springer; 2009. p. 187–202.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Servant G, Tachdjian C, Tang XQ, et al. Positive allosteric modulators of the human sweet taste receptor enhance sweet taste. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:4746–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Zhang F, Klebansky B, Fine RM, et al. Molecular mechanism of the sweet taste enhancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:4752–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Servant G, Tachdjian C, Li X, Karanewsky DS. The sweet taste of true synergy: positive allosteric modulation of the human sweet taste receptor. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2011;32:631–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Dyer J, Salmon KSH, Zibrik L, Shirazi-Beechey SP. Expression of sweet taste receptors of the T1R family in the intestinal tract and enteroendocrine cells. Biochem Soc Trans. 2005;33:302–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Jang HJ, Kokrashvili Z, Theodorakis MJ, et al. Gut-expressed gustducin and taste receptors regulate secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104:15069–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Mace OJ, Affleck J, Patel N, Kellett GL. Sweet taste receptors in rat small intestine stimulate glucose absorption through apical GLUT2. J Physiol Lond. 2007;582:379–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Janssen P, Rotondo A, Mulé F, Tack J. Review article: a comparison of glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;37:18–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Geraedts MCP, Takahashi T, Vigues S, et al. Transformation of postingestive glucose responses after deletion of sweet taste receptor subunits or gastric bypass surgery. Am J Physiol. 2012;303:E464–74.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Shirazi-Beechey SP, Moran AW, Batchelor DJ, Daly K, Al-Rammahi M. Glucose sensing and signalling; regulation of intestinal glucose transport. Proc Nutr Soc. 2011;70:185–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Margolskee RF, Dyer J, Kokrashvili Z, et al. T1R3 and gustducin in gut sense sugars to regulate expression of Na + -glucose cotransporter 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104:15075–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. John BA, Wood SG, Hawkins DR. The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of sucralose in the mouse. Food Chem Toxicol. 2000;38:107–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Nakagawa Y, Nagasawa M, Yamada S, et al. Sweet taste receptor expressed in pancreatic β-cells activates the calcium and cyclic AMP signaling systems and stimulates insulin secretion. PLoS ONE. 2009;4:e5106. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005106.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Kyriazis GA, Soundarapandian MM, Tyrberg B. Sweet taste receptor signaling in beta cells mediates fructose-induced potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:E524–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Miyazaki J, Araki K, Yamato E, et al. Establishment of a pancreatic β cell line that retains glucose-inducible insulin secretion: special reference to expression of glucose transporter isoforms. Endocrinology. 1990;127:126–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Henquin JC. Do pancreatic β cells "taste" nutrients to secrete insulin? Sci Signal. 2012;5:pe36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Sweatman TW, Renwick AG, Burgess CD. The pharmacokinetics of saccharin in man. Xenobiotica. 1981;11:531–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Fujita Y, Wideman RD, Speck M, et al. Incretin release from gut is acutely enhanced by sugar but not by sweeteners in vivo. Am J Physiol. 2009;296:E473–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Ma J, Bellon M, Wishart JM, et al. Effect of the artificial sweetener, sucralose, on gastric emptying and incretin hormone release in healthy subjects. Am J Physiol. 2009;296:G735–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Steinert RE, Frey F, Tõpfer A, Drewe J, Beglinger C. Effects of carbohydrate sugars and artificial sweeteners on appetite and the secretion of gastrointestinal satiety peptides. Br J Nutr. 2011;105:1320–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Ma J, Chang J, Checklin HL, et al. Effect of the artificial sweetener, sucralose, on small intestinal glucose absorption in healthy human subjects. Br J Nutr. 2010;104:803–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Klug C, von Ryman Lipinski GW. Acesulfame K. In: O’Donnell K, Kearsley MW, editors. Sweeteners and sugar alternatives in food technology. 2nd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 93–115.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Brown RJ, Walter M, Rother KI. Ingestion of diet soda before a glucose load augments glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:2184–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Pepino MY, Tiemann CD, Patterson BW, Wice BM, Klein S. Sucralose affects glycemic and hormonal responses to an oral glucose load. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(9):2530–5. doi:10.2337/dc12-2221:1-6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Renwick AG, Molinary SV. Sweet-taste receptors, low-energy sweeteners, glucose absorption and insulin release. Br J Nutr. 2010;104:1415–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Brown RJ, Rother KI. Non-nutritive sweeteners and their role in the gastrointestinal tract. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97:2597–605.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Brown RJ, de Banate MA, Rother KI. Artificial sweeteners: a systematic review of metabolic effects in youth. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2010;5:305–12.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Rulis AM, Levitt JA. FDA’s food ingredient approval process: safety assurance based on scientific assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2009;53:20–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Renwick AG. The use of a sweetener substitution method to predict dietary exposures for the intense sweetener rebaudioside A. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008;46:S61–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Magnuson BA, Burdock GA, Doull J, et al. Aspartame: a safety evaluation based on current use levels, regulations, and toxicological and epidemiological studies. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2007;37:629–727.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Renwick AG. The intake of intense sweeteners—an update review. Food Addit Contam. 2006;23:327–38.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Mattes RD, Popkin BM. Nonnutritive sweetener consumption in humans: effects on appetite and food intake and their putative mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89:1–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Sylvetsky AC, Welsh JA, Brown RJ, Vos MB. Low-calorie sweetener consumption is increasing in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96:640–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Kroger M, Meister K, Kava R. Low-calorie sweeteners and other sugar substitutes: a review of the safety issues. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2006;5:35–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Stegink LD, Filer LJ, editors. Aspartame: physiology and biochemistry. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1984; p. 670.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Tschanz C, Butchko HH, Wayne Stargel W, Kotsonis FN. editors. The clinical evaluation of a food additive: assessment of aspartame. Boca Raton, FL: CRC; 1996; p. 308.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Butchko HH, Stargel WW, Comer CP, et al. Aspartame: review of safety. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2002;35:S1–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Acesulfame K. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  67. Grotz VL, Munro IC. An overview of the safety of sucralose. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2009;55:1–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Sucralose safety assessment. Food Chem Toxicol. 2000; 38[Suppl 2], S1–129.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Joint FAO WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives 2. Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Neotame. WHO Food Additives Series 52. http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v52je08.htm. Accessed 1 Jul 2013.

  70. EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food. Scientific opinion on the safety of steviol glycosides for the proposed uses as a food additive. EFSA J. 2010;8:1537. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1537.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Miller SA, Frattali VP. Saccharin. Diabetes Care. 1989;12:75–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Whysner J, Williams GM. Saccharin mechanistic data and risk assessment: urine composition, enhanced cell proliferation, and tumor promotion. Pharmacol Ther. 1996;71:225–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Renwick AG. Intense sweeteners, food intake, and the weight of a body of evidence. Physiol Behav. 1994;55:139–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Nettleton JA, Lutsey PL, Wang Y, Lima JA, Michos ED, Jacobs DR. Diet soda intake and risk of incident metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Diabetes Care. 2009;32:688–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Forshee RA, Storey ML. Total beverage consumption and beverage choices among children and adolescents. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2003;54:297–307.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Giammattei J, Blix G, Marshak HH, Wollitzer AO, Pettitt DJ. Television watching and soft drink consumption: associations with obesity in 11- to 13-year-old schoolchildren. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157:882–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Berkey CS, Rockett HRH, Field AE, Gillman MW, Colditz GA. Sugar-added beverages and adolescent weight change. Obes Res. 2004;12:778–88.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. O’Connor TM, Yang SJ, Nicklas TA. Beverage intake among preschool children and its effect on weight status. Pediatrics. 2006;118:e1010–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Ludwig DS, Peterson KE, Gortmaker SL. Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity: a prospective, observational analysis. Lancet. 2001;357:505–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Newby PK, Peterson KE, Berkey CS, Leppert J, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Beverage consumption is not associated with changes in weight and body mass index among low-income preschool children in North Dakota. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004;104:1086–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Striegel-Moore RH, Thompson D, Affenito SG, et al. Correlates of beverage intake in adolescent girls: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study. J Pediatr. 2006;148:183–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Blum JW, Jacobsen DJ, Donnelly JE. Beverage consumption patterns in elementary school aged children across a two-year period. J Am Coll Nutr. 2005;24:93–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Johnson L, Mander AP, Jones LR, Emmett PM, Jebb SA. Is sugar-sweetened beverage consumption associated with increased fatness in children? Nutrition. 2007;23:557–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Vanselow MS, Pereira MA, Neumark-Sztainer D, Raatz SK. Adolescent beverage habits and changes in weight over time: findings from Project EAT. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90:1489–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Colditz GA, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, London SJ, Segal MR, Speizer FE. Patterns of weight change and their relation to diet in a cohort of healthy women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;51:1100–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Dhingra R, Sullivan L, Jacques PF, et al. Soft drink consumption and risk of developing cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults in the community. Circulation. 2007;116:480–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Schulze MB, Manson JE, Ludwig DS, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women. JAMA. 2004;292:927–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Lutsey PL, Steffen LM, Stevens J. Dietary intake and the development of the metabolic syndrome: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Circulation. 2008;117:754–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. de Koning L, Malik VS, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB. Sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened beverage consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93:1321–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Mozaffarian D, Hao T, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB. Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2392–404.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. de Koning L, Malik VS, Kellogg MD, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB. Sweetened beverage consumption, incident coronary heart disease, and biomarkers of risk in men. Circulation. 2012;125:1735–41.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Porikos KP, Pi-Sunyer FX. Regulation of food intake in human obesity: studies with caloric dilution and exercise. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1984;13:547–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Porikos KP, Booth G, Van Itallie TB. Effect of covert nutritive dilution on the spontaneous food intake of obese individuals: a pilot study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1977;30:1638–44.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Tordoff MG, Alleva AM. Effect of drinking soda sweetened with aspartame or high-fructose corn syrup on food intake and body weight. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;51:963–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Raben A, Vasilaras TH, Moller AC, Astrup A. Sucrose compared with artificial sweeteners: different effects on ad libitum food intake and body weight after 10 wk of supplementation in overweight subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:721–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Maersk M, Belza A, Stodkilde-Jorgensen H, et al. Sucrose-sweetened beverages increase fat storage in the liver, muscle, and visceral fat depot: a 6-mo randomized intervention study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95:283–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Tate DF, Turner-McGrievy G, Lyons E, et al. Replacing caloric beverages with water or diet beverages for weight loss in adults: main results of the Choose Healthy Options Consciously Everyday (CHOICE) randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95:555–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Blackburn GL, Kanders BS, Lavin PT, Keller SD, Whatley J. The effect of aspartame as part of a muldisciplinary weight-control program on short- and long-term control of body weight. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65:409–18.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Phelan S, Lang W, Jordan D, Wing RR. Use of artificial sweeteners and fat-modified foods in weight loss maintainers and always-normal weight individuals. Int J Obes (Lond). 2009;33:1183–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. de Ruyter JC, Olthof MR, Seidell JC, Katan MB. A trial of sugar-free or sugar-sweetened beverages and body weight in children. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1397–406.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Foreyt J, Kleinman R, Brown RJ, Lindstrom R. The use of low-calorie sweeteners by children: implications for weight management. J Nutr. 2012;142:1155S–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Swithers SE, Martin AA, Davidson TL. High-intensity sweeteners and energy balance. Physiol Behav. 2010;100:55–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Levitsky DA. The non-regulation of food intake in humans: hope for reversing the epidemic of obesity. Physiol Behav. 2005;86:623–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA

    John D. Fernstrom Ph.D.

  2. Department of Pharmacology/Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA

    John D. Fernstrom Ph.D.

Authors
  1. John D. Fernstrom Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to John D. Fernstrom Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Rippe Lifestyle Institute, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, USA

    James M. Rippe

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fernstrom, J.D. (2014). Non-nutritive Sweeteners. In: Rippe, J. (eds) Fructose, High Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose and Health. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8077-9_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8077-9_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-8076-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-8077-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation