Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Fructose, High Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose and Health pp 309–323Cite as

Sweeteners and Diabetes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Key Points

  • Type 2 diabetes is rapidly emerging as the chief global public health concern of the twenty-first century, with tremendous and widespread consequences for personal health, health-care systems, and society as a whole.

  • Current predictions suggest that the prevalence of diabetes will nearly double by 2035.

  • Ecological studies have linked the rise in fructose availability (from both sucrose and high fructose corn syrup) to the rise of obesity in the United States.

  • High-quality evidence from longer-term randomized controlled trials, prospective cohorts, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses of these studies generally does not support the link between fructose alone and fructose-containing sugars and the development or aggravation of type 2 diabetes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. International Diabetes Federation. Global burden. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 6th ed. http://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/EN_6E_Ch2_the_Global_Burden.pdf (2011)

  2. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/5e/Update2012 (2012)

  3. Hu FB. Globalization of diabetes: the role of diet, lifestyle and genes. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(6):1249–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Lustig RH, Schmidt LA, Brindis CD. Public health: the toxic truth about sugar. Nature. 2012;482:27–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, Kendall CW, et al. Is fructose a story of mice but not men? J Am Diet Assoc. 2011;111:219–20. author reply 20–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Johnson RJ, Perez-Pozo SE, Sautin YY, et al. Hypothesis: could excessive fructose intake and uric acid cause type 2 diabetes? Endocr Rev. 2009;30:96–116.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Goran MI, Ulijaszek SJ, Ventura EE. High fructose corn syrup and diabetes prevalence: a global perspective. Glob Public Health. 2012;8:55–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Basu S, Yoffe P, Hills N, Lustig RH. The relationship of sugar to population-level diabetes prevalence: an econometric analysis of repeated cross-sectional data. PloS One. 2013;8(2):e57873.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Barclay AW, Brand-Miller J. The Australian paradox: a substantial decline in sugars intake over the same timeframe that overweight and obesity have increased. Nutrients. 2012;3:491–504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Welsh JA, Sharma AJ, Grellinger L, Vos MB. Consumption of added sugars is decreasing in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94:726–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Total added sugars, have not resulted in a decrease of obesity or diabetes in the US (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2011). http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/slides/maps_diabetesobesity_trends.pdf (2011)

  12. Rizkalla SW. Health implications of fructose consumption: a review of recent data. Nutr Metab. 2010;7:82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Mielke JG, Taghibiglou C, Liu L, et al. A biochemical and functional characterization of diet-induced brain insulin resistance. J Neurochem. 2005;93:1568–78.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Maiztegui B, Borelli MI, Raschia MA, et al. Islet adaptive changes to fructose-induced insulin resistance: beta-cell mass, glucokinase, glucose metabolism, and insulin secretion. J Endocrinol. 2009;200:139–49.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Rizkalla SW, Boillot J, Tricottet V, et al. Effects of chronic dietary fructose with and without copper supplementation on glycaemic control, adiposity, insulin binding to adipocytes and glomerular basement membrane thickness in normal rats. Br J Nutr. 1993;70:199–209.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Thorburn AW, Storlien LH, Jenkins AB, et al. Fructose-induced in vivo insulin resistance and elevated plasma triglyceride levels in rats. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;49:1155–63.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Lewis GF, Uffelman K, Naples M, et al. Intestinal lipoprotein overproduction, a nearly recognized component of insulin resistance, is ameliorated by the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone: studies in the fructose-fed Syrian golden hamster. Endocrinology. 2005;146:247–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Pooranaperundevi M, Sumiyabanu MS, Viswanathan P, et al. Insulin resistance induced by high-fructose diet potentiates carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Ind Health. 2010;26:89–104.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Sun SZ, Empie MW. Fructose metabolism in humans: what isotopic tracer studies tell us. Nutr Metab. 2012;9(1):89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Tappy L, Lê KA. Metabolic effects of fructose and the worldwide increase in obesity. Physiol Rev. 2010;90(1):23–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Marriott BP, Cole N, Lee E. National estimates of dietary fructose intake increased from 1977 to 2004 in the United States. J Nutr. 2009;139:1228S–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Shapiro A, Mu W, Roncal C, et al. Fructose-induced leptin resistance exacerbates weight gain in response to subsequent high-fat feeding. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008;295:R1370–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Perez-Pozo SE, Schold J, Nakagawa T, et al. Excessive fructose intake induces the features of metabolic syndrome in healthy adult men: role of uric acid in the hypertensive response. Int J Obes (Lond). 2010;34:454–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Melanson KJ, Zukley L, Lowndes J, et al. Effects of high-fructose corn syrup and sucrose consumption on circulating glucose, insulin, leptin, and ghrelin and on appetite in normal-weight women. Nutrition. 2007;23:103–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Stanhope KL, Havel PJ. Endocrine and metabolic effects on consuming beverages sweetened with fructose, glucose, sucrose, or high-fructose corn syrup. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:1733S–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Mann JI, Evidence-based nutrition: Does it differ from evidencebased medicine?, Ann Med, 2010;42:475–86.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Canadian Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee. Canadian diabetes association 2013 clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes in Canada. Can J Diabetes. 2013;37 suppl 1:S1–212.

    Google Scholar 

  28. ADA 2013 Guidelines. Available at: http://professional.diabetes.org/admin/UserFiles/0%20-%20Sean/dc132042%20FINAL.pdf (accessed December 23, 2013).

  29. Colditz GA, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, et al. Diet and risk of clinical diabetes in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55:1018–23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Hodge AM, English DR, O’Dea K, et al. Glycemic index and dietary fiber and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:2701–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Janket SJ, Manson JE, Sesso H, et al. A prospective study of sugar intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:1008–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Meyer KA, Kushi LH, Jacobs Jr DR, et al. Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and incident type 2 diabetes in older women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:921–30.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Montonen J, Jarvinen R, Knekt P, et al. Consumption of sweetened beverages and intakes of fructose and glucose predict type 2 diabetes occurrence. J Nutr. 2007;137:1447–54.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. de Koning L, Malik VS, Kellogg MD, et al. Sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened beverage consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93:1321–7.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Odegaard AO, Koh WP, Arakawa K, et al. Soft drink and juice consumption and risk of physician-diagnosed incident type 2 diabetes: the Singapore Chinese health study. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171(6):701–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Nettleton JA, Lutsey PL, Wang Y, et al. Diet soda intake and risk of incident metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Diabetes Care. 2009;32(4):688–94.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Palmer JR, Boggs DA, Krishnan S. Sugar-sweetened beverages and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in African American women. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1487–92.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Bazzano LA, Li TY, Joshipura KJ, Hu FB. Intake of fruit, vegetables, and fruit juices and risk of diabetes in women. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:1311–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Paynter NP, Yeh HC, Voutilainen S, et al. Coffee and sweetened beverage consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;164:1075–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Schulze MB, Manson JE, Ludwig DS, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women. JAMA. 2004;292:927–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Malik VS, Popkin BM, Bray GA, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:2477–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Mozaffarian D, Hao T, Rimm EB, et al., Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men, N Engl J Med, 2011;364(25):2392–404..

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ye EQ, Chacko SA, Chou EL, et al. Greater whole-grain intake is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and weight gain. J Nutr. 2012;142(7):1304–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Fung TT, Pereira MA, Liu S, et al. Whole-grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76(3):535–40.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Sievenpiper JL, et al. The relation of low glycaemic index fruit consumption to glycaemic control and risk factors for coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2011;54(2):271–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Madero M, Jalal D, Rivard C, et al. The effect of two energy restricted diets, a low-fructose diet versus a moderate natural fructose diet, on weight loss and metabolic syndrome parameters: a randomized controlled trial. Metabolism. 2011;60:1551–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Cohen L, Curhan G, Forman J. Association of sweetened beverage intake with incident hypertension. J Gen Intern Med. 2012;27(9):1127–34.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Forman JP, Choi H, Curhan GC, et al. Fructose and vitamin C intake do not influence risk for developing hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20:863–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Pan A, Sun Q, Bernstein AM, et al. Red meat consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: 3 cohorts of US adults and an updated meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94(4):1088–96.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Halton TL, Liu S, Manson JE, et al. Potato and french fry consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(2):284–90.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Schulze MB, Manson JE, Willett WC, et al. Dietary pattern, inflammation, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82:675–84.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Schulze MB, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB. Dietary patterns and changes in body weight in women. Obesity. 2006;14:1444–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Bellisle F. Why should we study human food intake behavior? Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2003;13:189–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Coulston AM, Donner CC, Williams R, et al. Metabolic effects of added dietary sucrose in individuals with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Metabolism. 1985;34(10):962–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Huttunen JK, Mäkinen KK, Scheinin A. Turku sugar studies XI. Effects of sucrose, fructose and xylitol diets on glucose, lipid and urate metabolism. Acta Odontol Scand. 1976;34(6):345–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Mann JI, Truswell AS, Manning EB. Effects on serum lipids of reducing dietary sucrose or starch for 22 weeks in normal men. S Afr Med J. 1972;46(25):827–34.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Jellish WS, Abraira C. Graded sucrose/carbohydrate diets in overtly hypertriglyceridemic diabetic patients. Am J Med. 1984;77:1015–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Bantle JP, Thomas JW. Metabolic effects of dietary fructose and sucrose in types I and II diabetic subjects. JAMA. 1986;256(23):3241–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Peterson DB, Gerring S, Darling P, et al. Sucrose in the diet of diabetic patients–just another carbohydrate? Diabetologia. 1986;29(4):216–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Cooper PL, Simpson RW. Sucrose versus saccharin as an added sweetener in non-insulin-dependent diabetes: short- and medium-term metabolic effects. Diabet Med. 1988;5:676–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Blayo A, Rizkalla S, Bruzzo F, Slama G. Effets Metaboliques de la Consommation Quotidienne Pendant un an de Saccharose ou de Fructose par des Diabetiques. Med Nut. 1990;26:909–13.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Malerbi DA, Duarte AL, Wajchenberg BL. Metabolic effects of dietary sucrose and fructose in type II diabetic subjects. Diabetes Care. 1996;19:1249–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Cleasson, et al. 2009

    Google Scholar 

  64. Saris WH, Astrup A, Prentice AM, et al. Randomized controlled trial of changes in dietary carbohydrate/fat ratio and simple vs complex carbohydrates on body weight and blood lipids: the CARMEN study. The Carbohydrate Ratio Management in European National diets. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000;24:1310–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Sacks FM, Bray GA, Carey VJ, et al. Comparison of weight-loss diets with different compositions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:859–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. de Souza RJ, Bray GA, Carey VJ, et al. Effects of 4 weight-loss diets differing in fat, protein, and carbohydrate on fat mass, lean mass, visceral adipose tissue, and hepatic fat: results from the POUNDS LOST trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95:614–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Chantelau EA, Gösseringer G, Sonnenberg GE, Berger M. Moderate intake of sucrose does not impair metabolic control in pump-treated diabetic out-patients. Diabetologia. 1985;28:204–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Colagiuri S, Miller JJ, Edwards RA. Metabolic effects of adding sucrose and aspartame to the diet of subjects with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:474–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Horton TJ, Drougas H, Brachey A, et al. Fat and carbohydrate overfeeding in humans: different effects on energy storage. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;62(1):19–29.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, et al. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981;34:362–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Cozma AI, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, et al. Effect of fructose on glycemic control in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:1611–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Livesey G, Taylor R. Fructose consumption and consequences for glycation, plasma triacylglycerol, and body weight: meta-analyses and meta-regression models of intervention studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:1419–37.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Jenkins DJ, McKeown-Eyssen G, Josse RG, et al. Effect of a low-glycemic index or a high-cereal fiber diet on type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2008;300(23):2742–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Sievenpiper JL, Chiavaroli L, de Souza RJ, et al. ‘Catalytic’ doses of fructose may benefit glycaemic control without harming cardiometabolic risk factors: a small meta-analysis of randomised controlled feeding trials. Br J Nutr. 2012;108:418–23.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Hawkins M, Gabriely I, Wozniak R, et al. Fructose improves the ability of hyperglycemia per se to regulate glucose production in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2002;51:606–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Petersen KF, Yu C, Cline GW, Shulman GI, Stimulating effects of low-dose fructose on insulin-stimulated hepatic glycogen synthesis in humans, Diabetes, 2001;50(6):1263–8.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Moore MC, Mann SL, Davis SN. Acute fructose administration decreases the glycemic response to an oral glucose tolerance test in normal adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(12):4515–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Moore MC, Mann SL, Cherrington AD. Acute fructose administration improves oral glucose tolerance in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(11):1882–7.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Heacock PM, Hertzler SR, Wolf BW. Fructose prefeeding reduces the glycemic response to a high-glycemic index, starchy food in humans. J Nutr. 2002;132:2601–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Silbernagel G, Machann J, Unmuth S, Schick F, Stefan N, Haring HU, Fritsche A. Effects of 4-week very-high-fructose/glucose diets on insulin sensitivity, visceral fat and intrahepatic lipids: an exploratory trial. Br J Nutr. 2011;106:79–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Le KA, Faeh D, Stettler R, et al. A 4-wk high-fructose diet alters lipid metabolism without affecting insulin sensitivity or ectopic lipids in healthy humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84:1374–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Keim NL, Griffen SC, Bremer AA, Graham JL, et al. Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans. J Clin Invest. 2009;119:1322–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Beck-Nielsen H, Pedersen O, Lindskov HO. Impaired cellular insulin binding and insulin sensitivity induced by high-fructose feeding in normal subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1980;33:273–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Le KA, Ith M, Kreis R, Faeh D, Bortolotti M, Tran C, et al. Fructose overconsumption causes dyslipidemia and ectopic lipid deposition in healthy subjects with and without a family history of type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89:1760–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Sobrecases H, Le KA, Bortolotti M, Schneiter P, Ith M, Kreis R, et al. Effects of short-term overfeeding with fructose, fat and fructose plus fat on plasma and hepatic lipids in healthy men. Diabetes Metab. 2010;36:244–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Rizkalla SW,BF, Fumeron F, Grigoresco C, Jean-Joseph-Halfon P, Apfelbaum M, Tchobroutsky G, Slama G. Influence Du Fructose Sur Les Recepteurs Erythrocytaires De L’Insuline Chez Les Obeses Diabetiques et Non Diabetiques. Journ Annu Diabetol Hotel Dieu. 1986;1986:207–17.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Johnston RD, Stephenson MC, Crossland H, Cordon SM, et al. No difference between high-fructose and high-glucose diets on liver triacylglycerol or biochemistry in healthy overweight men. Gastroenterology. 2013;145(5):1016–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Stanhope KL, Bremer AA, Medici V, Consumption of fructose and high fructose corn syrup increase postprandial triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein-B in young men and women, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011;96(10):E1596–1605.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Ngo Sock ET, Leˆ KA, Ith M, Kreis R, Boesch C, Tappy L. Effects of a short-term overfeeding with fructose or glucose in healthy young males. Br J Nutr. 2010;103:939–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Adrian I. Cozma, Vanessa Ha, Viranda H. Jayalath, Russell J. de Souza & John L. Sievenpiper M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Adrian I. Cozma, Vanessa Ha & Viranda H. Jayalath

  3. Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

    Russell J. de Souza

  4. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

    John L. Sievenpiper M.D., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Adrian I. Cozma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vanessa Ha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Viranda H. Jayalath
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Russell J. de Souza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. John L. Sievenpiper M.D., Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Adrian I. Cozma or John L. Sievenpiper M.D., Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Rippe Lifestyle Institute, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, USA

    James M. Rippe

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cozma, A.I., Ha, V., Jayalath, V.H., de Souza, R.J., Sievenpiper, J.L. (2014). Sweeteners and Diabetes. In: Rippe, J. (eds) Fructose, High Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose and Health. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8077-9_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8077-9_19

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-8076-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-8077-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation