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Sustainability Issues in Biomass Feedstock Production: A Policy Perspective

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Engineering and Science of Biomass Feedstock Production and Provision

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Abstract

Demand for energy biomass has led nongovernmental organizations, industries with interests contrary to biofuels, and even governments to question whether bioenergy policies truly result in environmental and societal improvements befitting of their “bio,” “renewable,” and “green” labels. Environmental concerns range from potential emissions of greenhouse gas emissions from indirect land-use change, in some cases making the footprint of biofuels worse than petroleum. Environmental groups also fear that forests’ fragile ecosystems could be threatened by overharvesting that leads to water pollution and loss of biodiversity and soil productivity. In addition to environmental harms, social advocates predict that biomass production in developing countries could lead to loss of land tenure/rights, and labor and employment abuses. Laws and private standards have evolved in response to these concerns. Challenges remain, however, in implementing biofuels’ sustainability standards, such as enabling farmers to practically and economically use practice and measurement tools, reconciling divergent standards among countries, and solving the seemingly intractable “food versus fuel” dilemma. This chapter examines sustainability requirements for biomass-to-bioenergy that have arisen through the convergence of energy, environmental, agricultural, and forestry policies; examines core “sustainability” definitions in United States, European Union, Brazil, and private policies; and asks how international policy can reconcile meanings of sustainability to foster the nascent bioenergy sector.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    CAT Forest Group/Inter-Agency Forest Working Group, CAL. CLIMATE CHANGE PORTAL, http://www.climatechange.ca.gov/forestry/index.html (last modified Jan. 12, 2010).

  2. 2.

    USDA, Woody Biomass Utilization Strategy (Feb. 2008), http://www.fs.fed.us/woodybiomass/strategy/documents/FS_WoodyBiomassStrategy.pdf.

  3. 3.

    European Commission, Report from the Commission, Implementation of Council Directive 91/676/EEC concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources, Synthesis from year 2000 Member States Reports, COM (2002) 407 final, at 17–22.

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  1. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, The University of Illinois, S-524 Turner Hall, MC-047 1102S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Jody Endres J.D., M.A.

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  1. Jody Endres J.D., M.A.
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Correspondence to Jody Endres J.D., M.A. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Yogendra Shastri

  2. Dept. of Ag and Bio Engineering Agricultural Engineering Sciences Bldg, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA

    Alan Hansen

  3. Dept of Ag and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA

    Luis Rodríguez

  4. Dept of Ag and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA

    K.C. Ting

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Endres, J. (2014). Sustainability Issues in Biomass Feedstock Production: A Policy Perspective. In: Shastri, Y., Hansen, A., Rodríguez, L., Ting, K. (eds) Engineering and Science of Biomass Feedstock Production and Provision. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8014-4_9

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