Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Nocturnal Non-Invasive Ventilation pp 83–111Cite as

Nocturnal Noninvasive Ventilation in Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) has become a common cause of chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure and is now the leading indication for home nocturnal noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in many countries. The presence of this disorder is often overlooked despite these individuals having frequent contact with health care services several years prior to the diagnosis being made. Once on effective therapy, significant improvements in awake gas exchange, symptoms, and quality of life can be achieved. Although nocturnal positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is widely used, the most appropriate mode of therapy to manage this condition has yet to be determined. Even when adherence to therapy is high, complete correction of awake hypercapnic respiratory failure may not occur in some patients, highlighting that sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is not the only factor contributing to underbreathing in OHS. In addition to nocturnal PAP therapy, strategies to promote weight loss and reduce sedentary behavior are crucial to minimize the substantial health and social impacts of this increasingly prevalent condition.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. World Health Organisation. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. WHO Technical Report Series. 2000:894.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Finucane MM, Stevens GA, Cowan MJ, et al. National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9·1 million participants. Lancet. 2011;377(9765):557–67.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. World Health Organisation. Obesity and overweight, Factsheet No 311. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html. 2013; Accessed 31 March 2013.

  4. Trayhurn P. Hypoxia and adipose tissue function and dysfunction in obesity. Physiol Rev. 2013;93(1):1–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P, et al. Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet. 2009;373(9669):1083–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Sturm R. Increases in morbid obesity in the USA: 2000–2005. Public Health. 2007;121(7):492–6.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Snih S A, Ottenbacher KJ, Markides KS, Kuo YF, Eschbach K, Goodwin JS. The effect of obesity on disability vs mortality in older Americans. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(8):774–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Koebnick C, Smith N, Huang K, Martinez MP, Clancy HA, Kushi LH. The prevalence of obesity and obesity-related health conditions in a large, multiethnic cohort of young adults in California. Ann Epidemiol. 2012;22(9):609–16.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Olson A, Zwillich C. The obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Am J Med. 2005;118:948–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Akashiba T, Akahoshi T, Kawahara S, et al. Clinical characteristics of obesity-hypoventilation syndrome in Japan: a multi-center study. Intern Med. 2006;45(20):1121–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Kessler R, Chaouat A, Schinkewitch P, et al. The obesity-hypoventilation syndrome revisited: a prospective study of 34 consecutive cases. Chest. 2001;120(2):369–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Budweiser S, Riedl SG, Jorres RA, Heinemann F, Pfeifer M. Mortality and prognostic factors in patients with obesity-hypoventilation syndrome undergoing noninvasive ventilation. J Intern Med. 2007;261(4):375–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Trakada GP, Steiropoulos P, Nena E, Constandinidis TC, Bouros D. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of obesity hypoventilation syndrome among individuals reporting sleep-related breathing symptoms in northern Greece. Sleep Breath. 2010;14(4):381–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Garner DJ, Berlowitz DJ, Douglas J, et al. Home mechanical ventilation in Australia and New Zealand. Eur Respir J. 2013;41(1):39–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Janssens JP, Derivaz S, Breitenstein E, et al. Changing patterns in long-term noninvasive ventilation: a 7-year prospective study in the Geneva Lake area. Chest. 2003;123(1):67–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Lloyd-Owen SJ, Donaldson GC, Ambrosino N, et al. Patterns of home mechanical ventilation use in Europe: results from the Eurovent survey. Eur Respir J. 2005;25(6):1025–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Mokhlesi B, Saager L, Kaw R. Q: Should we routinely screen for hypercapnia in sleep apnea patients before elective noncardiac surgery? Cleve Clin J Med. 2010;77(1):60–1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Mokhlesi B, Tulaimat A. Recent advances in obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Chest. 2007;132(4):1322–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Kawata N, Tatsumi K, Terada J, et al. Daytime hypercapnia in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Chest. 2007;132(6):1832–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Laaban J-P, Chailleux E. For the Observatory Group of ANTADIR. Daytime hypercapnia in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in France, before initiating nocturnal nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Chest. 2005;127(3):710–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Mokhlesi B, Tulaimat A, Faibussowitsch I, Wang Y, Evans A. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: prevalence and predictors in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath. 2007;11(2):117–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Resta O, Foschino Barbaro MP, Bonfitto P, et al. Hypercapnia in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Neth J Med. 2000;56(6):215–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Verin E, Tardif C, Pasquis P. Prevalence of daytime hypercapnia or hypoxia in patients with OSAS and normal lung function. Respir Med. 2001;95(8):693–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Chau EH, Lam D, Wong J, Mokhlesi B, Chung F. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and perioperative considerations. Anesthesiology. 2012;117(1):188–205.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Nowbar S, Burkart KM, Gonzales R, et al. Obesity-associated hypoventilation in hospitalized patients: prevalence, effects, and outcome. Am J Med. 2004;116(1):1–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Berg G, Delaive K, Manfreda J, Walld R, Kryger MH. The use of health-care resources in obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. Chest. 2001;120(2):377–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Jennum P, Ibsen R, Kjellberg J. Morbidity prior to a diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing: a controlled national study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2013;9(2):103–8.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Borel J-C, Roux-Lombard P, Tamisier R, et al. Endothelial dysfunction and specific inflammation in obesity hypoventilation syndrome. PLoS ONE. 2009;4(8):e6733.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Priou P, Hamel J-F, Person C, et al. Long-term outcome of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Chest. 2010;138(1):84–90.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Jennum P, Kjellberg J. Health, social and economical consequences of sleep-disordered breathing: a controlled national study. Thorax. 2011;66(7):560–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Jennum P, Ibsen R, Kjellberg J. Social consequences of sleep disordered breathing on patients and their partners. A controlled national study. Eur Respir J. 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Berg KM, Lang GR, Salciccioli JD, et al. The rapid shallow breathing index as a predictor of failure of noninvasive ventilation for patients with acute respiratory failure. Respir Care. 2012;57(10):1548–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Carrillo A, Ferrer M, Gonzalez-Diaz G, et al. Noninvasive ventilation in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure caused by obesity hypoventilation syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186(12):1279–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Marik PE, Desai H. Characteristics of patients with the “malignant obesity hypoventilation syndrome” admitted to an ICU. J Intensive Care Med. 2013;28(2):124–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Quint JK, Ward L, Davison AG. Previously undiagnosed obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Thorax. 2007;62(5):462–3.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Akashiba T, Kawahara S, Kosaka N, et al. Determinants of chronic hypercapnia in Japanese men with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Chest. 2002;121(2):415–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Kaw R, Hernandez AV, Walker E, Aboussouan L, Mokhlesi B. Determinants of hypercapnia in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and metaanalysis of cohort studies. Chest. 2009;136(3):787–96.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Pelosi P, Croci M, Ravagnan I, et al. Respiratory system mechanics in sedated, paralyzed, morbidly obese patients. J Appl Physiol. 1997;82(3):811–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Watson RA, Pride NB. Postural changes in lung volumes and respiratory resistance in subjects with obesity. J Appl Physiol. 2005;98(2):512–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Piper AJ, Grunstein RR. Big breathing: the complex interaction of obesity, hypoventilation, weight loss, and respiratory function. J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(1):199–205.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Lin CC, Wu KM, Chou CS, Liaw SF. Oral airway resistance during wakefulness in eucapnic and hypercapnic sleep apnea syndrome. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2004;139(2):215–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Lee MY, Lin CC, Shen SY, Chiu CH, Liaw SF. Work of breathing in eucapnic and hypercapnic sleep apnea syndrome. Respiration. 2009;77(2):146–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Pankow W, Hijjeh N, Schuttler F, et al. Influence of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on inspiratory muscle activity in obese subjects. Eur Respir J. 1997;10(12):2847–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Pankow W, Podszus T, Gutheil T, Penzel T, Peter J, Von Wichert P. Expiratory flow limitation and intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure in obesity. J Appl Physiol. 1998;85(4):1236–43.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Steier J, Jolley CJ, Seymour J, Roughton M, Polkey MI, Moxham J. Neural respiratory drive in obesity. Thorax. 2009;64(8):719–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Mokhlesi B, Kryger MH, Grunstein RR. Assessment and management of patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008;5(2):218–25.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Santana H, Zoico E, Turcato E, et al. Relation between body composition, fat distribution, and lung function in elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73(4):827–31.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Resta O, Foschino-Barbaro MP, Bonfitto P, et al. Prevalence and mechanisms of diurnal hypercapnia in a sample of morbidly obese subjects with obstructive sleep apnea. Respir Med. 2000;94:240–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Zavorsky GS, Hoffman SL. Pulmonary gas exchange in the morbidly obese. Obes Rev. 2008;9(4):326–39.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Heinemann F, Budweiser S, Dobroschke J, Pfeifer M. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation improves lung volumes in the obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Respir Med. 2007;101(6):1229–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Ladosky W, Botelho MAM, Albuquerque JP. Chest mechanics in morbidly obese non-hypoventilated patients. Respir Med. 2001;95:281–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Sahebjami H, Gartside PS. Pulmonary function in obese subjects with a normal FEV1/FVC ratio. Chest. 1996;110(6):1425–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Weiner P, Waizman J, Weiner M, Rabner M, Magadle R, Zamir D. Influence of excessive weight loss after gastroplasty for morbid obesity on respiratory muscle performance. Thorax. 1998;53(1):39–42.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Farkas GA, Gosselin LE, Zhan WZ, Schlenker EH, Sieck GC. Histochemical and mechanical properties of diaphragm muscle in morbidly obese Zucker rats. J Appl Physiol. 1994;77(5):2250–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Powers SK, Farkas GA, Demirel H, et al. Effects of aging and obesity on respiratory muscle phenotype in Zucker rats. J Appl Physiol. 1996;81(3):1347–54.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Collet F, Mallart A, Bervar JF, et al. Physiologic correlates of dyspnea in patients with morbid obesity. Int J Obes. 2006;31(4):700–6.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Heinzer RC, Stanchina ML, Malhotra A, et al. Lung volume and continuous positive airway pressure requirements in obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172(1):114–7.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Series F, Cormier Y, Desmeules M. Influence of passive changes of lung volume on upper airways. J Appl Physiol. 1990;68(5):2159–64.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Heinzer RC, Stanchina ML, Malhotra A, et al. Effect of increased lung volume on sleep disordered breathing in patients with sleep apnoea. Thorax. 2006;61(5):435–9.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Gilbert R, Sipple JH, Auchincloss JH Jr. Respiratory control and work of breathing in obese subjects. J Appl Physiol. 1961;16:21–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Kress JP, Pohlman AS, Alverdy J, Hall JB. The impact of morbid obesity on oxygen cost of breathing (VO(2RESP)) at rest. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160(3):883–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Lin CC. Effect of nasal CPAP on ventilatory drive in normocapnic and hypercapnic patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Eur Respir J. 1994;7(11):2005–10.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Lopata M, Onal E. Mass loading, sleep apnea, and the pathogenesis of obesity hypoventilation. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1982;126(4):640–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Sampson MG, Grassino K. Neuromechanical properties in obese patients during carbon dioxide rebreathing. Am J Med. 1983;75(1):81–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Berger KI, Ayappa I, Chatr-Amontri B, et al. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome as a spectrum of respiratory disturbances during sleep. Chest. 2001;120(4):1231–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Chouri-Pontarollo N, Borel JC, Tamisier R, Wuyam B, Levy P, Pepin JL. Impaired objective daytime vigilance in obesity-hypoventilation syndrome: impact of noninvasive ventilation. Chest. 2007;131(1):148–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Lopata M, Freilich RA, Onal E, Pearle J, Lourenco RV. Ventilatory control and the obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1979;119(2 Pt 2):165–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Zwillich CW, Sutton FD, Pierson DJ, Greagh EM, Weil JV. Decreased hypoxic ventilatory drive in the obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. Am J Med. 1975;59(3):343–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Tankersley C, Kleeberger S, Russ B, Schwartz A, Smith P. Modified control of breathing in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. J Appl Physiol. 1996;81(2):716–23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Javaheri S, Colangelo G, Corser B, Zahedpour MR. Familial respiratory chemosensitivity does not predict hypercapnia of patients with sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;145(4 Pt 1):837–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Jokic R, Zintel T, Sridhar G, Gallagher CG, Fitzpatrick MF. Ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia in relatives of patients with the obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Thorax. 2000;55(11):940–5.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Sugerman HJ, Fairman RP, Sood RK, Engle K, Wolfe L, Kellum JM. Long-term effects of gastric surgery for treating respiratory insufficiency of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55(2 Suppl):597 S-601 S.

    Google Scholar 

  73. El-Gamal H, Khayat A, Shikora S, Unterborn JN. Relationship of dyspnea to respiratory drive and pulmonary function tests in obese patients before and after weight loss. Chest. 2005;128(6):3870–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Han F, Chen E, Wei H, He Q, Ding D, Strohl KP. Treatment effects on carbon dioxide retention in patients with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome. Chest. 2001;119(6):1814–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Mokhlesi B. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a state-of-the-art review. Respir Care. 2010;55(10):1347–62. Discussion 1363–1345.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Friedman J. The function of leptin in nutrition, weight and physiology. Nutr Rev. 2002;60:S1–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Kalra SP. Central leptin insufficiency syndrome: an interactive etiology for obesity, metabolic and neural diseases and for designing new therapeutic interventions. Peptides. 2008;29(1):127–38.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Chang Z, Ballou E, Jiao W, McKenna KE, Morrison SF, McCrimmon DR. Systemic leptin produces a long-lasting increase in respiratory motor output in rats. Front Physiol. 2013;4:16.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Phipps PR, Starritt E, Caterson I, Grunstein RR. Association of serum leptin with hypoventilation in human obesity. Thorax. 2002;57(1):75–6.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Campo A, Fruhbeck G, Zulueta JJ, et al. Hyperleptinemia, respiratory drive and hypercapnic response in obese patients. Eur Respir J. 2007;30:223–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. O’Donnell CP, Schaub CD, Haines AS, et al. Leptin prevents respiratory depression in obesity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159(5 Pt 1):1477–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Shimura R, Tatsumi K, Nakamura A, et al. Fat accumulation, leptin, and hypercapnia in obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome. Chest. 2005;127(2):543–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Makinodan K, Yoshikawa M, Fukuoka A, et al. Effect of serum leptin levels on hypercapnic ventilatory response in obstructive sleep apnea. Respiration. 2008;75(3):257–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Polotsky M, Elsayed-Ahmed AS, Pichard L, et al. Effects of leptin and obesity on the upper airway function. J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(10):1637–43.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Ozturk L, Unal M, Tamer L, Celikoglu F. The association of the severity of obstructive sleep apnea with plasma leptin levels. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003;129(5):538–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Chin K, Ohi M, Kita H, et al. Effects of NCPAP therapy on fibrinogen levels in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;153(6 Pt 1):1972–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Yee BJ, Cheung J, Phipps P, Banerjee D, Piper AJ, Grunstein RR. Treatment of obesity hypoventilation syndrome and serum leptin. Respiration. 2006;73(2):209–12.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Grunstein RR, Ho KY, Berthon-Jones M, Stewart D, Sullivan CE. Central sleep apnea is associated with increased ventilatory response to carbon dioxide and hypersecretion of growth hormone in patients with acromegaly. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;150(2):496–502.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Lindgren AC, Hellstrom LG, Ritzen EM, Milerad J. Growth hormone treatment increases CO(2) response, ventilation and central inspiratory drive in children with Prader–Willi syndrome. Eur J Pediatr. 1999;158(11):936–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Monneret D, Borel JC, Pepin JL, et al. Pleiotropic role of IGF-I in obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2010;20(2):127–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Piper AJ, Grunstein RR. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: mechanisms and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183(3):292–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Perez de Llano LA, Golpe R, Ortiz Piquer M, et al. Short-term and long-term effects of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in patients with obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. Chest. 2005;128(2):587–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Piper AJ, Wang D, Yee BJ, Barnes DJ, Grunstein RR. Randomised trial of CPAP vs bilevel support in the treatment of obesity hypoventilation syndrome without severe nocturnal desaturation. Thorax. 2008;63(5):395–401.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Berger KI, Goldring RM, Rapoport DM. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;30:253–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Ayappa I, Berger KI, Norman RG, Oppenheimer BW, Rapoport DM, Goldring RM. Hypercapnia and ventilatory periodicity in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(8):1112–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Berger KI, Ayappa I, Sorkin IB, Norman RG, Rapoport DM, Goldring RM. CO(2) homeostasis during periodic breathing in obstructive sleep apnea. J Appl Physiol. 2000;88(1):257–64.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Berger KI, Ayappa I, Sorkin IB, Norman RG, Rapoport DM, Goldring RM. Postevent ventilation as a function of CO(2) load during respiratory events in obstructive sleep apnea. J Appl Physiol. 2002;93(3):917–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Norman RG, Goldring RM, Clain JM, et al. Transition from acute to chronic hypercapnia in patients with periodic breathing: predictions from a computer model. J Appl Physiol. 2006;100(5):1733–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Chin K, Hirai M, Kuriyama T, et al. Changes in the arterial PCO2 during a single night’s sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Intern Med. 1997;36(7):454–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Raurich JM, Rialp G, Ibanez J, Llompart-Pou JA, Ayestaran I. Hypercapnic respiratory failure in obesity-hypoventilation syndrome: co response and acetazolamide treatment effects. Respir Care. 2010;55(11):1442–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Hlavac MC, Catcheside PG, McDonald R, Eckert DJ, Windler S, McEvoy RD. Hypoxia impairs the arousal response to external resistive loading and airway occlusion during sleep. Sleep. 2006;29(5):624–31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Lee S-D, Nakano H, Farkas GA. Adenosinergic modulation of ventilation in obese zucker rats. Obes Res. 2005;13(3):545–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Yang AL, Lo MJ, Ting H, Chen JS, Huang CY, Lee SD. GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors differentially modulate volume and frequency in ventilatory compensation in obese Zucker rats. J Appl Physiol. 2007;102(1):350–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Piper A, Sullivan C. Effects of short-term NIPPV in the treatment of patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea and hypercapnia. Chest. 1994;105(2):434–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Banerjee D, Yee BJ, Piper AJ, Zwillich CW, Grunstein RR. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: hypoxemia during continuous positive airway pressure. Chest. 2007;131(6):1678–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Sullivan CE, Berthon-Jones M, Issa FG. Remission of severe obesity-hypoventilation syndrome after short-term treatment during sleep with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1983;128(1):177–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Hida W, Okabe S, Tatsumi K, et al. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure improves quality of life in obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Sleep Breath. 2003;7(1):3–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Mokhlesi B, Tulaimat A, Evans AT, et al. Impact of adherence with positive airway pressure therapy on hypercapnia in obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2006;2(1):57–62.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. De Miguel DJ, De Lucas RP, Perez Parra JJ, Buendia Garcia MJ, Cubillo Marcos JM, Gonzalez-Moro JM. Analysis of withdrawal from noninvasive mechanical ventilation in patients with obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. Medium term results. Arch Bronconeumol. 2003;39(7):292–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Kushida CA, Littner MR, Hirshkowitz M, et al. Practice parameters for the use of continuous and bilevel positive airway pressure devices to treat adult patients with sleep-related breathing disorders. Sleep. 2006;29(3):375–80.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Borel JC, Tamisier R, Gonzalez-Bermejo J, et al. Noninvasive ventilation in mild obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Chest. 2012;141(3):692–702.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Ambrogio C, Lowman X, Kuo M, Malo J, Prasad A, Parthasarathy S. Sleep and non-invasive ventilation in patients with chronic respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med. 2009;35:306–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Janssens JP, Metzger M, Sforza E. Impact of volume targeting on efficacy of bi-level non-invasive ventilation and sleep in obesity-hypoventilation. Respir Med. 2009;103(2):165–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Murphy PB, Davidson C, Hind MD, et al. Volume targeted versus pressure support non-invasive ventilation in patients with super obesity and chronic respiratory failure: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax. 2012;67(8):727–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Storre JH, Bohm P, Dreher M, Windisch W. Clinical impact of leak compensation during non-invasive ventilation. Respir Med. 2009;103(10):1477–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee. Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Thorax. 2002;57(3):192–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. Redolfi S, Corda L, Piana G L, Spandrio S, Prometti P, Tantucci C. Long-term non-invasive ventilation increases chemosensitivity and leptin in obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. Respir Med. 2007;101(6):1191–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Kushida CA, Chediak A, Berry RB, et al. Clinical guidelines for the manual titration of positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2008;4(2):157–71.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Piper A. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: therapeutic implications for treatment. Expert Rev Resp Med. 2010;4(1):57–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  120. Berry RB, Chediak A, Brown LK, et al. Best clinical practices for the sleep center adjustment of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in stable chronic alveolar hypoventilation syndromes. J Clin Sleep Med. 2010;6(5):491–509.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Janssens JP, Borel JC, Pepin JL. Nocturnal monitoring of home non-invasive ventilation: the contribution of simple tools such as pulse oximetry, capnography, built-in ventilator software and autonomic markers of sleep fragmentation. Thorax. 2011;66(5):438–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Maniscalco M, Zedda A, Faraone S, Carratu P, Sofia M. Evaluation of a transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitor in severe obesity. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(7):1340–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Morgenthaler TI, Aurora N, Brown T, et al. Practice parameters for the use of autotitrating continuous positive airway pressure devices for titrating pressures and treating adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: an update for 2007. Sleep. 2008;31(1):141–7.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Krieger J, Weitzenblum E, Monassier JP, Stoeckel C, Kurtz D. Dangerous hypoxaemia during continuous positive airway pressure treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea. Lancet. 1983;2(8364):1429–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Guo YF, Sforza E, Janssens JP. Respiratory patterns during sleep in obesity-hypoventilation patients treated with nocturnal pressure support: a preliminary report. Chest. 2007;131(4):1090–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Contal O, Adler D, Borel JC, et al. Impact of different back-up respiratory rates on the efficacy of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a randomized trial. Chest. 2013;143(1):37–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Fanfulla F, Taurino AE, Lupo ND, Trentin R, D’Ambrosio C, Nava S. Effect of sleep on patient/ventilator asynchrony in patients undergoing chronic non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Respir Med. 2007;101(8):1702–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Gonzalez-Bermejo J, Perrin C, Janssens JP, et al. Proposal for a systematic analysis of polygraphy or polysomnography for identifying and scoring abnormal events occurring during non-invasive ventilation. Thorax. 2012;67(6):546–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Brown LKMDF. Noninvasive ventilatory support in obesity hypoventilation syndrome: backup early and often? Chest. 2013;143(1):8–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. Windisch W, Storre JH. Target volume settings for home mechanical ventilation: great progress or just a gadget? Thorax. 2012;67(8):663–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. de Lucas-Ramos P, de Miguel-Díez J, Santacruz-Siminiani A, González-Moro JMR, Buendía-García MJ, Izquierdo-Alonso JL. Benefits at 1 year of nocturnal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in patients with obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. Respir Med. 2004;98(10):961–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Storre JH, Seuthe B, Fiechter R, et al. Average volume-assured pressure support in obesity hypoventilation: a randomized crossover trial. Chest. 2006;130(3):815–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Masa JF, Celli BR, Riesco JA, Sanchez de Cos J, Disdier C, Sojo A. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and not oxygen may prevent overt ventilatory failure in patients with chest wall diseases. Chest. 1997;112(1):207–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Wijesinghe M, Williams M, Perrin K, Weatherall M, Beasley R. The effect of supplemental oxygen on hypercapnia in subjects with obesity-associated hypoventilation: a randomized, crossover, clinical study. Chest. 2011;139(5):1018–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Hollier CA, Harmer AR, Maxwell LJ, et al. Moderate concentrations of supplemental oxygen worsen hypercapnia in obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a randomised crossover study. Thorax. 2014;69(4):346–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Masa JF, Celli BR, Riesco JA, Hernandez M, Sanchez De Cos J, Disdier C. The obesity hypoventilation syndrome can be treated with noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Chest. 2001;119(4):1102–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Borel J-C, Burel B, Tamisier R, et al. Comorbidities and mortality in hypercapnic obese under domiciliary noninvasive ventilation. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(1):e52006.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Laub M, Midgren B. Survival of patients on home mechanical ventilation: a nationwide prospective study. Respir Med. 2007;101(6):1074–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  139. Ram FS, Picot J, Lightowler J, Wedzicha JA. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004; Issue 3: Art. No.:CD004104. doi:004110.001002/14651858.CD14004104.pub14651853.

    Google Scholar 

  140. Pepin J-L, Borel J-C, Janssens J-P. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: an underdiagnosed and undertreated condition. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186(12):1205–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Castro-Anon O, Golpe R, Perez-De-Llano LA, et al. Haemodynamic effects of non-invasive ventilation in patients with obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. Respirology. 2012;17(8):1269–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Arias MA, Garcia-Rio F, Alonso-Fernandez A, Martinez I, Villamor J. Pulmonary hypertension in obstructive sleep apnoea: effects of continuous positive airway pressure: a randomized, controlled cross-over study. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(9):1106–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Kauppert CA, Dvorak I, Kollert F, et al. Pulmonary hypertension in obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. Respir Med. 2013;107(12):2061–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Borel J-C, Borel A-L, Monneret D, Tamisier R, Levy P, Pepin J-L. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: from sleep-disordered breathing to systemic comorbidities and the need to offer combined treatment strategies. Respirology. 2012;17(4):601–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. Campos-Rodriguez F, Martinez-Garcia MA, Reyes-Nuñez N, et al. Long-term CPAP compliance in females with obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J. 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  146. Sawyer AM, Gooneratne NS, Marcus CL, Ofer D, Richards KC, Weaver TE. A systematic review of CPAP adherence across age groups: clinical and empiric insights for developing CPAP adherence interventions. Sleep Med Rev. 2011;15(6):343–56.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Ye L, Pack AI, Maislin G, et al. Predictors of continuous positive airway pressure use during the first week of treatment. J Clin Sleep Med. 2012;21(4):419–26.

    Google Scholar 

  148. Bakker JP, Marshall NS. Flexible pressure delivery modification of continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnea does not improve compliance with therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest. 2011;139(6):1322–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Richards D, Bartlett DJ, Wong K, Malouff J, Grunstein RR. Increased adherence to CPAP with a group cognitive behavioral treatment intervention: a randomized trial. Sleep. 2007;30(5):635–40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Shapiro G, Shapiro C. Factors that influence CPAP adherence: an overview. Sleep Breath. 2010;14(4):323–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  151. Boone KA, Cullen JJ, Mason EE, Scott DH, Doherty C, Maher JW. Impact of vertical banded gastroplasty on respiratory insufficiency of severe obesity. Obes Surg. 1996;6(6):454–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. Davila-Cervantes A, Dominguez-Cherit G, Borunda D, et al. Impact of surgically-induced weight loss on respiratory function: a prospective analysis. Obes Surg. 2004;14:1389–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. Sugerman HJ, Baron PL, Fairman RP, Evans CR, Vetrovec GW. Hemodynamic dysfunction in obesity hypoventilation syndrome and the effects of treatment with surgically induced weight loss. Ann Surg. 1988;207(5):604–13.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  154. Sjostrom L, Lindroos A-K, Peltonen M, et al. Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(26):2683–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  155. Goodpaster BH, DeLany JP, Otto AD, et al. Effects of diet and physical activity interventions on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk factors in severely obese adults: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2010;304(16):1795–802.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  156. Murphy PB, Polkey MI, Hart N. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome. The need for a multifaceted approach to treatment. Chest. 2012;142(2):540–1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. Borel JC, Tamisier R, Levy P, Pepin JL. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome. The need for a multifaceted approach to treatment. Response. Chest. 2012;142(2):541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  158. Jordan KE, Ali M, Shneerson JM. Attitudes of patients towards a hospital-based rehabilitation service for obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Thorax. 2009;64(11):1007–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  159. Borel JC, Wuyam B, Chouri-Pontarollo N, Deschaux C, Levy P, Pepin JL. During exercise non-invasive ventilation in chronic restrictive respiratory failure. Respir Med. 2008;102(5):711–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  160. Menadue C, Alison JA, Piper AJ, Flunt D, Ellis ER. Non-invasive ventilation during arm exercise and ground walking in patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. Respirology. 2009;14(2):251–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. Dreher M, Kabitz HJ, Burgardt V, Walterspacher S, Windisch W. Proportional assist ventilation improves exercise capacity in patients with obesity. Respiration. 2010;80(2):106–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  162. Villiot-Danger JC, Villiot-Danger E, Borel JC, Pepin JL, Wuyam B, Verges S. Respiratory muscle endurance training in obese patients. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011;35(5):692–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sleep Unit, Level 11, E Block, Missenden Rd, 2050, Camperdown, NSW, Australia

    Amanda Jane Piper BAppSc, Med, PhD & Carly Ann Hollier

Authors
  1. Amanda Jane Piper BAppSc, Med, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Carly Ann Hollier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amanda Jane Piper BAppSc, Med, PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Director, Cardiopulmonary Sleep & Ventilatory Disorders Center, New York, New York, USA

    Robert C. Basner

  2. University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA

    Sairam Parthasarathy

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Piper, A., Hollier, C. (2015). Nocturnal Noninvasive Ventilation in Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome. In: Basner, R., Parthasarathy, S. (eds) Nocturnal Non-Invasive Ventilation. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7624-6_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7624-6_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-7623-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-7624-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation