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The Neuropsychology of Men with Epilepsy

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The Neuropsychology of Men

Part of the book series: Issues of Diversity in Clinical Neuropsychology ((ISSUESDIV))

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Abstract

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that is estimated to be active in about 1 % of the world population. It is diagnosed when an individual experiences two or more unprovoked seizures, and is broadly classified as generalized or focal (Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy, Epilepsia 30:389–399, 1989). Epilepsy is known to affect males and females in a roughly equivalent ratio. However, despite this equivalence in prevalence, there are some gender-specific differences in the occurrence of certain epilepsy types, and in the impact of epilepsy and epilepsy medication side effects. Specifically, males have a higher risk of epilepsy following traumatic brain injury (Yeh et al., Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 84(4):441–445, 2012). In addition, they tend to develop certain sexual problems, including infertility and sexual dysfunction, due to their specific reproductive and hormonal characteristics (Pack and Gidal, Epilepsy: A comprehensive textbook (2nd ed., pp. 1209–1212). Philadelphia: Lippincott, 2007). These variables can in turn influence other aspects of functioning, including cognition and emotion.

The study of individuals with epilepsy has allowed neuroscientists the opportunity to examine and better understand gender-related differences in the organization of language functions, verbal and visual memory, and psychological repercussions of this condition.

Gender differences in language dominance and in the neuroanatomical function of language centers in the brain have been identified among individuals with epilepsy. Similarly, studies with individuals with epilepsy have contributed and confirmed reports of gender differences on tasks of verbal memory and visual memory. From a neuropsychiatric perspective, a significantly higher prevalence of identifiable psychiatric conditions has been reported in people with epilepsy as compared with the general population, and gender differences have been noted in this area as well (Alfstad et al., Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Supplement (191):12–17, 2011; Alfstad et al., Epilepsia 52(7):1231–1238, 2011; Kogeorgos et al., British Journal of Psychiatry 140:236–243, 1982; Savic & Engel Jr., Neurobiology of Disease 70C:69–73, 2014). In particular, dissimilarities with regards to externalizing behaviors, and rates of anxiety and depression, have been reported.

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  1. Northeast Regional Epilepsy Group, New York, NY, USA

    Keren Lebeau, Christine Mihaila, Robert Trobliger, Paola Bailey, Enrique Feoli & Lorna Myers

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  1. Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China

    Charles M. Zaroff

  2. Department of School Psychology, Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Department of School Psychology, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Rik Carl D'Amato

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Lebeau, K., Mihaila, C., Trobliger, R., Bailey, P., Feoli, E., Myers, L. (2015). The Neuropsychology of Men with Epilepsy. In: Zaroff, C., D'Amato, R. (eds) The Neuropsychology of Men. Issues of Diversity in Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7615-4_7

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