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fMRI: From Nuclear Spins to Brain Functions pp 215–243Cite as

Quantitative fMRI

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Part of the book series: Biological Magnetic Resonance ((BIMR,volume 30))

Abstract

Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has proven to be a powerful and sensitive tool for noninvasively detecting neural activity changes in the brain. However, the complex relationship between local blood flow, blood volume and oxygen metabolism that underlies the BOLD signal has proven to be problematic when comparing BOLD responses across subjects, imaging sites and time. Due to this complexity it is possible to generate similar BOLD responses with very different underlying changes in blood flow, blood volume and oxygen metabolism. Tools to quantify the BOLD signal in terms of oxidative metabolism have applications beyond improving the accuracy of functional MRI, for example in the study of pharmacological agents, ageing, or disease. The focus of this chapter is to consider how oxygen metabolism may be measured along with how it affects the BOLD signal. The calibrated BOLD technique is discussed for the measurement of changes in oxygen metabolism, as well as two promising techniques for quantifying baseline oxygen metabolism: T2 relaxation under spin tagging (TRUST) and quantitative BOLD (qBOLD). Current issues with each of these techniques are examined and future directions for this research field are considered.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Center for Functional MRI, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093-0677, MC 0677, La Jolla, CA, USA

    N. P. Blockley & R. B. Buxton

  2. Department of Bioengineering and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA

    V. E. M. Griffeth & A. B. Simon

  3. Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA

    R. B. Buxton

  4. FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DU, 92093, Oxford, Headington, UK

    N. P. Blockley

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  1. N. P. Blockley
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  2. V. E. M. Griffeth
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  3. A. B. Simon
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  4. R. B. Buxton
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Correspondence to N. P. Blockley .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Kamil Uludag

  2. University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

    Kamil Ugurbil

  3. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Lawrence Berliner

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Blockley, N., Griffeth, V., Simon, A., Buxton, R. (2015). Quantitative fMRI. In: Uludag, K., Ugurbil, K., Berliner, L. (eds) fMRI: From Nuclear Spins to Brain Functions. Biological Magnetic Resonance, vol 30. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7591-1_9

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