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Pulse Sequences for fMRI

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fMRI: From Nuclear Spins to Brain Functions

Part of the book series: Biological Magnetic Resonance ((BIMR,volume 30))

Abstract

This chapter examines the pulse sequences that are available for conducting fMRI. The chapter describes sequences capable of generating T2*-, T2- and frequency-dependent contrast. In the section ‘Introduction’, a set of criteria is given which a pulse sequence should ideally fulfil. All described sequences are measured against these. The majority of the chapter is devoted to the echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence, as this represents a gold standard against which other sequences can be measured. The numerous improvements and extensions to this sequence for fMRI are paid particular attention. In addition, the application of fast low-angle shot (FLASH), rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE)/fast spin echo (FSE), gradient spin echo (GRASE) and steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequences is considered for relevant contrasts.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, Trigon 204, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    David G. Norris

  2. Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Zollverein, Arendahls Wiese 199, Tor 3, 45141, Essen, Germany

    David G. Norris

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  1. David G. Norris
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Correspondence to David G. Norris .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Kamil Uludag

  2. University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

    Kamil Ugurbil

  3. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Lawrence Berliner

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Norris, D. (2015). Pulse Sequences for fMRI. In: Uludag, K., Ugurbil, K., Berliner, L. (eds) fMRI: From Nuclear Spins to Brain Functions. Biological Magnetic Resonance, vol 30. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7591-1_7

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