Abstract
In order to be effective, tier 3 interventions must be matched to the unique characteristics of those learners with the most intensive needs. Brief experimental analysis (BEA) is a data-driven approach that can be used to identify potentially effective interventions in cases where a standard treatment protocol has not been effective. This chapter describes the process for using BEA to select academic interventions, summarizes the literature examining BEA across academic areas, and suggests implications for practice within a comprehensive response to intervention (RTI) framework. Finally, areas for future research are explored.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bond, G. L., & Dykstra, R. (1967). The cooperative research program in first-grade reading instruction. Reading Research Quarterly, 2, 5–142.
Bonfiglio, C. M., Daly, E. J. III, Marten, B. K., Lin, L.-H., & Corsaut, S. (2004). An experiemtnal analysis of reading interventions: Generalizations acorss instructional strategies, time, and passages. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 37, 111–114.
Burns, M. K., & Coolong-Chaffin, M. (2006). Response-to-intervention: Role for and effect on school psychology. School Psychology Forum, 1, 1–13.
Burns, M. K., & Wagner, D. (2008). Determining an effective intervention within a brief experimental analysis for reading: A meta-analytic review. School Psychology Review, 37, 126–136.
Burns, M. K., Ganuza, Z., & London, R. M. (2009). Brief experimental analysis of written letter formation: Single-case demonstration. Journal of Behavioral Education, 18, 20–34.
Chafouleas, S. M., Riley-Tillman, T. C., & Eckert, T. L. (2003). A comparison of school psychologists’ acceptability, training, and use of norm-referenced, curriculum based, and brief experimental analysis methods to assess reading. School Psychology Review, 32, 272–281.
Christ, T. J., Burns, M. K., & Ysseldyke, J. E. (2005). Conceptual confusion within response-to-intervention vernacular: Clarifying meaningful differences. Communique, 34(1) 6–7.
Codding, R., Baglici, S., Gottesman, D., Johnson, M., Kert, A., & Lebeouf, P. (2009). Selecting intervention strategies: Using brief experimental analysis for mathematics problems. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 25, 146–168.
Daly, E. J., III., & Martens, B. K. (1994). A comparison of three interventions for increasing oral reading performance: Application of the instructional hierarchy. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, 459–469.
Daly, E. J., III., Witt, J. C., Martens, B. K., & Dool, E. J. (1997). A model for conducting a functional analysis of academic performance. School Psychology Review, 26, 554–574.
Daly, E. J., III., Martens, B. K., Dool, E. J., & Hintze, J. M. (1998). Using brief functional analysis to select interventions for oral reading. Journal of Behavioral Education, 8, 203–218.
Daly, E. J., III., Martens, B. K., Hamler, K. R., Dool, E. J., & Eckert, T. L. (1999). A brief experimental analysis for identifying instructional components needed to improve oral reading fluency. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 32, 82–94.
Daly, E. J., III., Murdoch, A., Lillenstein, L., Webber, L., & Lentz, F. E. (2002). An examination of methods for testing treatments: Conducting brief experimental analyses of the effects of instructional components on oral reading fluency. Education and Treatment of Children, 25, 288–316.
Daly, E. J., III., Persampieri, M. J., McCurdy, M., & Gortmaker, V. J. (2005). Generating reading interventions through experimental analysis of academic skills: Demonstration and empirical evaluation. School Psychology Review, 34, 395–414.
Daly, E. J., III., Garbacz, S. A., Olson, S. C., Persampieri, M., & Ni, H. (2006). Improving oral reading fluency by influencing students’ choice of instructional procedures: An experimental analysis with two students with behavioral disorders. Behavioral Interventions, 21, 31–60.
Daly, E. J., III., Bonfiglio, C. M., Mattson, T., Persampieri, M., & Foremann-Yates, K. (2006). Refining the experimental analysis of academic skills deficits: Part I. An investigation of variables that affect generalized oral reading performance. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 38, 485–497.
Eckert, T. L., Ardoin, S. P., Daisey, D. M., & Scarola, M. D. (2000). Empirically evaluating the effectiveness of reading interventions: The use of brief experimental analysis and single-case designs. Psychology in the Schools, 37, 463–474.
Eckert, T. L., Ardoin, S. P., Daly, E. J., III., & Martens, B. K. (2003). Improving oral reading fluency: A brief experimental analysis of combining an antecedent intervention with consequences. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 35, 271–281.
Fuchs, D., Mock, D., Morgan, P. L., & Young, C. L. (2003). Responsiveness-to-Intervention: Definitions, evidence, and implications for the learning disabilities construct. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 18, 157–171.
Gortmaker, V. J., Daly, E. J., III, McCurdy, M., Persampieri, M. J., & Hergenrader, M. (2007). Improving reading outcomes for children with learning disabilities: Using brief experimental analysis to develop parent-tutoring interventions. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40, 203–221.
Gray, B. B., Baker, R. D., & Stancyk, S. E. (1969). Performance determined instruction for training in remedial reading. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2, 255–263.
Hart, B. M., & Risley, T. R. (1968). Establishing use of descriptive adjectives in the spontaneous speech of disadvantaged preschool children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 109–120.
Jones, K. M., & Wickstrom, K. F. (2002). Done in sixty seconds: Further analysis of the brief assessment model for academic problems. School Psychology Review, 31, 554–568.
Jones, K. M., Wickstrom, K. F., Noltemeyer, A. L., Brown, S. M., Schuka, J. R., & Therrien, W. (2009). An experimental analysis of reading fluency. Journal of Behavioral Education, 18, 35–55.
Kennedy, C. H. (2005). Single-case designs for educational research. New York: Allyn and Bacon.
Kratochwill, T. R., & Bergan, J. R. (1990). Behavioral consultation in applied settings. New York: Plenum Press.
Malloy, K. J., Gilbertson, D., & Maxfield, J. (2007). Use of brief experimental analysis for English language learners. School Psychology Review, 36, 291–310.
McComas, J. J. (1994). Instructional strategy assessment: Structural analyses of academic performance. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Iowa.
McComas, J. J., Wacker, D. P., & Cooper, L. J. (1996). Experimental analysis of academic performance in a classroom setting. Journal of Behavioral Education, 6, 121–130.
McComas, J. J., Wacker, D. P., Cooper, L. J., Asmus, J. M., Richman, D., & Stoner, B. (1996). Brief experimental analysis of stimulus prompts for accurate responding on academic tasks in an outpatient clinic. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 29, 397–401.
McComas, J. J., Wagner, D., Coolong-Chaffin, M., Holton, E., McDonnell, M., & Monn, E. (2009). Prescriptive analysis: Further individualization of hypothesis testing in brief experimental analysis of reading fluency. Journal of Behavioral Evaluation, 18, 56–70.
National Center on Response to Intervention. (2013). http://www.rti4success.org. Accessed Nov 2013.
Noell, G. H., Gansle, K. A., Witt, J. C., Freeland, J. T., & LaFleur, L. H., et al. (1998). Effects of contingent reward and instruction on oral reading performance at differing levels of passage difficulty. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 31, 659–663.
Noell, G. H., Freeland, J. T., Witt. J. C., & Gansle, K. A. (2001). Using brief assessments to identify effective interventions for individual students. Journal of School Psychology, 39, 335–355.
Northup, J., Wacker, D., Sasso, G., Steege, M., Cigrand, K., Cook, J., & DeRaad, A. (1991). A brief functional analysis of aggressive and alternative behavior in an outclinic setting. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 24, 509–522.
Parker, D. C., Dickey, B. M., Burns, M. K., & McMaster, K. L. (2012). An application of brief experimental analysis with early writing. Journal of Behavioral Education, 21, 329–349.
Persampieri, M., Gortmaker, V., Daly, E. J., III, Sheridan, S. M, & McCurdy, M. (2006). Promoting parent use of empirically supported interventions: Two experimental investigations of child outcomes. Behavioral Interventions, 21, 31–57.
Petursdottir, A.-L., McMaster, K., McComas, J. J., Bradfield, T., Braganza, V., Koch-McDonald, J., Rodriguez, R., & Scharf, H. (2009). Brief experimental analysis of early reading interventions. Journal of School Psychology, 47, 215–243.
Tilly, W., & David, III. (2008). The evolution of school psychology to science-based practice: Problem solving and the three-tiered model. In A. Thomas & J. Grimes Best practices in school psychology V. Bethesda: The National Association of School Psychologists.
VanAuken, T., Chafouleas, S. M., Bradley, T. A., & Martens, B. K. (2002). Using brief experimental analysis to select oral reading interventions: An investigation of treatment utility. Journal of Behavioral Education, 11, 165–181.
VanDerHeyden A. M., & Burns, M. K. (2009). Performance indicators in math: Implications for brief experimental analysis of academic performance. Journal of Behavioral Education, 18, 71–91.
Wagner, D., McComas, J. J., Bollman, K., & Holton, E. (2006). The use of functional analysis of academic response to intervention for oral reading. Assessment for Effective Intervention, 32, 40–49.
Whitlock, C. (1966). Note on reading acquisition: An extension of laboratory principles. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 3, 83–85.
Wilbur, A., & Cushman, T. P. (2006). Selecting effective academic interventions: An example using brief experimental analysis for oral reading. Psychology in the Schools, 43, 79–84.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Coolong-Chaffin, M., McComas, J. (2016). Introduction to Problem Analysis to Identify Tier 3 Interventions: Brief Experimental Analysis of Academic Problems. In: Jimerson, S., Burns, M., VanDerHeyden, A. (eds) Handbook of Response to Intervention. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7568-3_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7568-3_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-7567-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-7568-3
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)