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Human Herpesviruses: Malignant Lymphoma

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Viral Infections of Humans

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Abstract

The human gammaherpesviruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, or HHV4) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, or HHV8), are associated with lymphoma. EBV was first discovered in the 1960s in association with Burkitt lymphomas arising in sub-Saharan Africa, while the discovery of KSHV in 1994 was associated with Kaposi sarcoma tumors and driven by the AIDS epidemic. While EBV infection is ubiquitous, KSHV is restricted to certain populations. EBV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases are likewise more common than KSHV-associated lymphoproliferative disease. These two herpesviruses nonetheless share many characteristics. Particularly relevant to lymphoma and lymphoproliferative disease is the ability of these two viruses to infect and establish a reservoir of infection in lymphocytes. Whereas some herpesviruses establish latency in nondividing terminally differentiated cells such as neurons, the gammaherpesviruses establish latency in lymphocytes. The gammaherpesviruses have evolved mechanisms for persisting as extrachromosomal genomes in dividing cells. These cells may be driven to proliferate or be protected from cell death pathways by viral gene expression. The result may be a self-limited lymphoproliferation that establishes or maintains a reservoir of latently infected cells or, under certain circumstances, a malignant lymphoproliferation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Cancer Research Building 1, Rm 390, 1650 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA

    Jennifer A. Kanakry MD

  2. Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Johns Hopkins University, Cancer Research Building (CRB I), Room 389, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA

    Richard F. Ambinder MD PhD

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  1. Jennifer A. Kanakry MD
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  2. Richard F. Ambinder MD PhD
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Correspondence to Richard F. Ambinder MD PhD .

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  1. Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, USA

    Richard A. Kaslow

  2. Departmant of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA

    Lawrence R. Stanberry

  3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA

    James W. Le Duc

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Kanakry, J.A., Ambinder, R.F. (2014). Human Herpesviruses: Malignant Lymphoma. In: Kaslow, R., Stanberry, L., Le Duc, J. (eds) Viral Infections of Humans. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7448-8_40

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