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Tetanus Toxin Structure as a Basis for Elucidating its Immunological and Neuropharmacological Activities

  • Chapter
The Specificity and Action of Animal, Bacterial and Plant Toxins

Part of the book series: Receptors and Recognition ((RERE))

Abstract

Although tetanus has been known since most remote times, it still is today a worldwide problem. Tetanus is a toxi-infection, since the toxin produced by the causal agent is responsible for all the symptoms that accompany the development of the disease. This explains why many attempts have been made to purify the toxin. The isolation of pure tetanus toxin has permitted the investigation of its physico-chemical characteristics and the study of the structure-function relationships. Tetanus toxin is a protein with a fairly large molecular weight which exhibits a wide spectrum of activities. Its most prominent feature is its very high toxicity. The injection of animals with the toxoid resulting from the formaldehyde detoxification of the toxin molecule elicits the formation of two antibody populations, one of which is precipitating and neutralizing, the other being precipitating but not neutralizing. The fragmentation of the toxin molecule and the specific chemical modification of amino acid residues in the molecule have been used for the purpose of further delineating the regions of antigenic reactivity. The results of such work should enable one to understand how neutralization of the toxicity is achieved on combination of the toxin with the antitoxin.

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Authors
  1. B. Bizzini
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  1. Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

    P. Cuatrecasas

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Bizzini, B. (1977). Tetanus Toxin Structure as a Basis for Elucidating its Immunological and Neuropharmacological Activities. In: Cuatrecasas, P. (eds) The Specificity and Action of Animal, Bacterial and Plant Toxins. Receptors and Recognition. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7206-4_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7206-4_5

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