Skip to main content

Inferior Temporal Cortex: Neuronal Properties and Connections in Adult and Infant Macaques

  • Chapter
Book cover The Visual System from Genesis to Maturity

Abstract

In monkeys, inferior temporal cortex (cytoarchitectonic area TE) is crucial for the perception, recognition, and storage of information about visual form and color (Gross, 1973). It is the final stage in the processing hierarchy for visual pattern that begins in the retina and continues along the ventral-coursing occipitotemporal pathway (Desimone and Ungerleider, 1989). In humans, the ventral occipitotemporal cortex, particularly in the right hemisphere of right-handers, appears to play a similar role in vision (Corbetta et al., 1991; Damasio, 1989; Milner, 1968).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Amaral DG, Insausti R, Cowan WM (1987): The entorhinal cortex of the monkey: 1. Cytoarchitectonic organization. J Comp Nenrol 264:326–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bachevalier J, Brickson M, Hagger C, Mishkin M (1990): Age and sex differences in the effects of selective temporal lobe lesion on the formation of visual discrimination habits in rhesus monkeys. Behav Neurosci 104:885–889.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bachevalier J, Mishkin M (1988): Long-term effects of neonatal temporal cortical and limbic lesions on habit and memory formation in rhesus monkeys. Neurosci Abstr 14:4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baylis GC, Rolls ET, Leonard CM (1987): Functional subdivisions of temporal lobe neocortex. J Neurosci 7:330–342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boussaoud D, Desimone R, Ungerleider LG (1991): Visual topography of area TEO in the macaque. J Comp Neurol 306:554–575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boussaoud D, Ungerleider LG, Desimone R (1990): Pathways for motion analysis: Cortical connections of the medial superior temporal and fundus of the superior temporal visual areas of the macaque. J Comp Neurol 296:462–495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce CJ, Desimone R, Gross CG (1981): Visual properties of neurons in a polysensory area in the superior temporal sulcus of the macaque. J Neurophysiol 46:369–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbetta M, Dobmeyer S, Shulman GL, Petersen SE (1991): Selective and divided attention during visual discriminations of shape, color and speed: Functional anatomy by positron emission tomography. J Neurosci 11:2383–2402.

    Google Scholar 

  • Damasio AR (1989): Neural mechanisms. In: Handbook of Research on Face Processing. Young A, Ellis HD, eds. Holland: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Desimone R, Albright TD, Gross CG, Bruce C (1984): Stimulus-selective properties of inferior temporal neuron in the macaque. J Neurosci 4:2051–2062.

    Google Scholar 

  • Desimone R, Fleming J, Gross CG (1980): Prestriate afferents to inferior temporal cortex: An HRP study. Brain Res 184:41–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Desimone R, Gross CG (1979): Visual areas in the temporal cortex of the macaque. Brain Res 178:363–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Desimone R, Ungerleider LG (1989): Neural mechanisms of visual processing in monkeys. In: Handbook of Neuropsychology, vol. 2, Boiler F, Grafman J, eds. England: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Felleman DJ, Van Essen DC (1991): Distributed hierarchical processing in primate cerebral cortex. Cerebral Cortex 1:1–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fenstemaker SB (1986): The organization and connections of visual cortical area TEO in the macaque. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Princeton University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenstemaker SG, Albright TD, Gross CG (1985): Organization and neuronal properties of visual area TEO. Neurosci Abstr 11:1012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuster JM (1990): Inferotemporal cortex units in selective visual attention and short-term memory. Neurophysiol 64:681–697.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gattass R, Gross CG, Sandell J (1981): Visual topography of V2 in the macaque. J Comp Neurol 201:519–539.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gattass R, Sousa APB, Covey E (1985): Cortical visual areas of the macaque: Possible substrates for pattern recognition mechanisms. In: Pattern Recognition Mechanisms, Chagas C, Gattass R, Gross CG, eds. New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gattass R, Sousa APB, Gross CG (1988): Visuotopic organization and extent of V3 and V4 of the macaque. J Neurosci 8:1831–1845.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gochin PM, Miller EK, Gross CG, Gerstein GL (1991): Functional interactions among neurons in macaque inferior temporal cortex. Exp Brain Res 84:505–516.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman PS (1971): Developmental determinants of cortical plasticity. Acta Neurol Exp 32:495–511.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross CG (1973): Visual functions of inferotemporal cortex. In: Handbook of Sensory Physiology, vol. 7, part 3B, Jung R, ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross CG (1992): Representation of visual stimuli in inferior temporal cortex. Philos Trans R Soc Lond (Biol) 335:3–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gross CG, Bender DB, Gerstein GL (1979): Activity of inferior temporal neurons in behaving monkeys. Neuropsychologia 17:215–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gross CG, Bender DB, Mishkin M (1977): Contributions of the corpus callosum and the anterior commissure to the visual activation of inferior temporal neurons. Brain Res 131:227–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gross CG, Bender DB, Rocha-Miranda CE (1974): Inferotemporal cortex: A single unit analysis. In: The Neurosciences: A Third Study Program, Schmitt FO, Worden FG, eds. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross CG, Desimone R, Albright TD, Schwartz EL (1985): Inferior temporal cortex and pattern recognition. In: Pattern Recognition Mechanisms, Chagas C, Gattass R, Gross CG, eds. Vatican City: Pontifica Academia Scientiarum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross CG, Mishkin M (1977): The neural basis of stimulus equivalence across retinal translation. In: Lateralization in the Nervous System. Harnad S, Doty R, Jaynes J, Goldstein L, Krauthamer G, eds. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross CG, Rocha-Miranda CE, Bender DB (1972): Visual properties of neurons in inferotemporal cortex of the macaque. J Neurophysiol 35:96–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross CG, Schiller PH, Wells C, Gerstein GL (1967): Single-unit activity in temporal association cortex of the monkey. J Neurophysiol 30:833–843.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagger C, Bachevalier J, Macko KA, Kennedy C, Sokoloff L, Mishkin M (1988): Functional maturation of inferior temporal cortex in infant rhesus monkeys. Neurosci Abstr 14:2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagger C, Brickson M, Bachevalier J (1985): Sparing of visual recognition after neonatal lesions of IT in infant rhesus monkeys. Neurosci Abstr 9:26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy H, Bullier J, Dehay C (1989): Transient projection from the superior temporal sulcus to area 17 in the newborn macaque monkey. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:8093–8097.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis ME, Mishkin M, Brown RM, Pert CB, Pert A (1981): Opiate receptor gradients in monkey cerebral cortex: Correspondence with sensory processing hierarchies. Science 211:1166–1169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin-Elkins CL, Horel JA (1987): Cortical areas projecting to anterior inferior temporal gyrus as demonstrated by retrogradely transported wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase in the macaque. Neurosci Abstr 14:11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mesulam MM, Mufson EJ (1982): Insula of the Old World monkey: I. Architectonics in the insulo-orbito-temporal component of the paralimbic brain. J Comp Neurol 212:1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michalski A, Gerstein GL, Czarkowska J, Tarnecki R (1983): Interactions between cat striate cortex neurons. Exp Brain Res 51:97–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mikami A, Nakamura K (1988): Behavioral role of stimulus selective neuronal activities in the superior temporal sulcus of macaque monkey. Neurosci Abstr 14:10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller EK, Gochin PM, Gross CG (1991): A habituation-like decrease in the responses of neurons in inferior temporal cortex of the macaque. Vis Neurosci 7:357–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milner B (1968): Visual recognition and recall after right-temporal lobe excision in man. Neuropsychologia 6:191–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mishkin M (1982): A memory system in the monkey. Philos Trans R Soc Lond (Biol) 298:85–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miyashita Y (1988): Neuronal correlate of visual associative long-term memory in the primate temporal cortex. Nature 335:817–820.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miyashita Y, Chang HS (1988): Neuronal correlate of pictorial short-term memory in the primate temporal cortex. Nature 331:68–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moran J, Desimone R (1985): Selective attention gates visual processing in the extrastriate cortex. Science 229:782–784.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morel A, Bullier J (1990): Anatomical segregation of two cortical visual pathways in the macaque monkey. Vis Neurosci 4:555–578.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson RB, Friedman DP, O’Neill JB, Mishkin M (1987): Gradients of protein kinase C substrate phosphorylation in primate visual system peak in visual memory storage areas. Brain Res 416:387–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perrett DI, Rolls ET, Caan W (1982): Visual neurones responsive to faces in the monkey temporal cortex. Exp Brain Res 47:329–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petersen SE, Robinson DL, Morris JD (1987): The contribution of the pulvinar to visual spatial attention. Neuropsychologia 25:97–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raisler RL, Harlow HF (1965): Learned behavior following lesions of posterior association cortex in infant, immature and préadolescent monkeys. J Comp Physiol Psychol 60:167–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rakic P, Bourgeois JP, Eckenhoff MEF, Zecevic N, Goldman-Rakic PS (1986): Concurrent overproduction of synapses in diverse regions of the primate cerebral cortex. Science 232:232–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richmond BJ, Wurtz RH, Sato T (1983): Visual responses of inferior temporal neurons in awake rhesus monkey. J Neurophysiol 50:1415–1432.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rockland KS, Pandya DN (1979): Laminar origins and terminations of cortical connections in the occipital lobe in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res 179:3–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodman HR (1991): Methods for repeated recording in visual cortex of anesthetized and awake behaving infant monkeys. J Neurosci Methods 38:209–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodman HR, Consuelos MJ (1992): Cortical inputs to anterior inferior temporal cortex in infant monkeys. Submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodman HR, Skelly JP, Gross CG (1991): Stimulus selectivity and state dependence of activity in inferior temporal cortex in infant monkeys. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:7572–7575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rolls ET, Baylis GC (1986): Size and contrast have only small effects on the responses to faces of neurons in the cortex of the superior temporal sulcus of the monkey. Exp Brain Res 65:38–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rolls ET, Baylis GC, Hasselmo ME, Nalwa V (1989): The effect of learning on the face selective responses of neurons in the cortex in the superior temporal sulcus of the monkey. Exp Brain Res 76:153–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sato T (1988): Effects of attention and stimulus interaction on visual responses of inferior temporal neurons in macaque. J Neurophysiol 60:344–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz EL, Desimone R, Albright TD, Gross CG (1983): Shape recognition and inferior temporal neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:5776–5778.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seltzer B, Pandya DN (1978): Afferent cortical connections and architectonics of the superior temporal sulcus and surrounding cortex in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res 149:11–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shiwa T (1987): Corticocortical projections to the monkey temporal lobe with particular reference to the visual processing pathways. Arch Ital Biol 125:139–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spitzer H, Richmond BJ (1991): Task difficulty: Ignoring, attending to, and discriminating a visual stimulus yield progressively more activity in inferior temporal neurons. Exp Brain Res 83:340–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Squire LR (1987): Memory and Brain. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Squire LR, Zola-Morgan S (1991): The medial temporal lobe memory system. Science 253:1380–1386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki WA, Amaral DG (1991): Cortical inputs to the CA1 field of the monkey hippocampus originate from the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortex but not from area TE. Neurosci Lett 115:43–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka K, Saito HA, Fukada Y, Moriya M (1991): Coding visual images of objects in the inferotemporal cortex of the macaque monkey. J Neurophysiol 66:170–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toyama K, Kimura M, Tanaka K (1981): Cross-correlation analysis of interneuronal connectivity in cat visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 46:191–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Bonin G, Bailey P (1947): The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster MJ, Ungerleider LG, Bachevalier J (1991): Connections of inferior temporal areas TE and TEO with medial temporal-lobe structures in infant and adult monkeys. J Neurosci 11:1095–1116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster MF, Ungerleider LG, Bachevalier J (1992): Lesions of inferior temporal area TE in infant monkeys produce reorganization of cortico-amygdalar projections. Neuroreport 2:169–712.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yukie M, Iwai E (1988): Direct projection from ventral TE area of the inferotemporal cortex to hippocampal field CA1 in the monkey. Neurosci Letters 88:6–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gross, C.G., Rodman, H.R. (1992). Inferior Temporal Cortex: Neuronal Properties and Connections in Adult and Infant Macaques. In: Lent, R. (eds) The Visual System from Genesis to Maturity. Birkhäuser, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6726-8_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6726-8_18

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-6728-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-6726-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics