Abstract
All of the free energy reaching this planet originates in the nuclear fusion reactions that take place in the Sun. These reactions emit hard gamma radiation which, after extensive absorption and re-emission, is radiated from the surface of the Sun as sunlight. It is from this reservoir of free energy that all living organisms (with the exception of the chemolithotrophic bacteria) directly or indirectly draw in order to exist.
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Rose, A.H. (1968). Energy-Yielding Metabolism. In: Chemical Microbiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6567-7_6
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