Abstract
There are two scales on which one can study geophysical phenomena: Regional and global. Thus, on the one hand, a geologist may map and study in great detail a very small area of the earth, while on the other, a geophysicist may view the area as part of a very much larger tectonic feature. Such a division applies equally well to a study of rapid variations in the earth’s electric and magnetic fields — both local and world-wide effects must be studied. We must also consider geomagnetic micropulsations against the whole background of solar terrestrial relationships, and it may well be that the secrets we strive so hard to learn could be more easily obtained from other upper atmospheric phenomena. There are a whole host of such phenomena such as visual and radar aurora, airglow, whistlers, solar flares, cosmic rays, and ionospheric disturbances, and it is not surprising that correlations should exist between many of these events. In many instances we may be observing different manifestations of what was originally some solar disturbance, but it is not easy to distinguish between what are fundamental phenomena and what may turn out to be relatively unimportant side issues. It must not be forgotten that whereas in the laboratory, experiments can be carefully planned and executed with a view to settling definite questions, Nature, on the other hand, is continually making a multitude of “experiments” simultaneously all over the earth. It is not easy to disentangle all these “experiments” and to sort out cause and effect. This may require long periods of observation from many stations well distributed over the earth. With Nature working 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 52 weeks a year, it is difficult to take a representative sample of her work — especially when diurnal, seasonal and annual trends are to be looked for.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alperovich, L. V.: “Some results of studies of short-period pulsations of the earth’s electromagnetic field at the time of auroras,” Geomag. and Aeronomy (A.G.U. translation) 1, 495 (1961).
Baiser, M. and C. A. Wagner: “Diurnal power variations of the earth-ionosphere cavity modes and their relationship to worldwide thunderstorm activity,” J. Geophys. Res. 67, 619 (1962).
Benioff, H.: “Observations of geomagnetic fluctuations in the period range 0.3 to 120 seconds,” J. Geophys. Res. 65, 1413 (1960).
Bomke, H. A.: “The relation of magnetic micropulsations to electric-current and space charge systems in the lower ionosphere,” J. Geophys. Res. 67, 177 (1962).
Campbell, W. H.: “Natural electromagnetic energy below the ELF range,” J. Res. N.B.S. 64D, 409 (1960).
Campbell, W. H. and H. Leinbach: “Ionospheric absorption at times of auroral and magnetic pulsations,” J. Geophys. Res. 66, 25 (1961).
Campbell, W. H. and M. H. Rees: “A study of auroral coruscations,” J. Geophys. Res. 66, 41 (1961).
Campbell, W. H. and S. Matsushita: “Auroral-zone geomagnetic micropulsations with periods of 5 to 30 seconds,” J. Geophys. Res. 67, 555 (1962).
Cecchini, A., G. Dupouy, J. Roquet and E. Selzer: “Mise en evidence au moyen du «concentrateur-magnétophone» de l’Observatoire de Chambon-la-Forêt de signaux magnétiques précurseurs, lors des orages du 11 février 1958 et du 16 août 1959,” C. R. Acad. Sci. 250, 4023 (1960).
Dawson, J. A.: “Pearl-type micropulsations in the auroral zones: polarization and magnetic conjugacy,” Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union 44, 41 (1963).
Duffus, H. J., P. W. Nasmyth, J. A. Shand and C. S. Wright: “Sub-audible geomagnetic fluctuations,” Nature 181, 1258 (1958).
Duffus, H. J., J. A. Shand and C. S. Wright: “Influence of geological features on very low frequency geomagnetic fluctuations,” Nature 186, 141 (1960a).
Duffus, H. J., J. A. Shand and C. S. Wright: “Geomagnetic fluctuations recorded on magnetic tape during storms,” Pac. Nav. Lab. Rep. 60-6 (1960b).
Ebert, E.: “Concerning pulsations of short period in the strength of the earth’s magnetic field,” Terr. Mag. 12, 1 (1906).
Eschenbrenner, S., L. Ferrieux, R. Godivier, R. Lachaux, H. Larzilliere, A. Lebeaux, R. Schlich and E. Selzer: “Analyse expérimentale des effets magnétiques et telluriques de «l’ experience Argus» enregistrés par les stations française,” Ann. de Geophys. 16, 264 (1960).
Francis, W. E. and R. Karplus: “Hydromagnetic waves in the ionosphere,” J. Geophys. Res. 65, 3593 (1960).
Francis, W. E., A. J. Dessler and A. J. Dragt: “Hydromagnetic wave attenuation in extreme model ionospheres,” URSI-IRE, Austin, Texas, Oct. 1961.
Gendrin, R. and R. Stefant: “Analyse de frequence des oscillations en perle,” C. R. Acad. Sci. 255, 752 (1962).
Harang, L.: “Oscillations and vibrations in magnetic record at high latitude stations” Terr. Mag. 41, 329 (1936).
Heacock, R. R.: “Auroral-zone telluric-current micropulsations,” J. Geophys. Res. 68, 1871 (1963).
Heacock, R. R. and V. P. Hessler: “Pearl-type telluric current micropulsations at College,” J. Geophys. Res. 62, 3985 (1962).
Heacock, R. R. and V. P. Hessler: “On the relation of micropulsations (T∼3–20 seconds) to the main phase of magnetic storms and polar magnetic bays,” (Abstract) Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union 44, 42 (1963).
Holmberg, E. R. R.: “Rapid periodic fluctuations of the geomagnetic field” I. Mon. Not. Roy. Astr. Soc. Geophys. Suppl. 6, 467 (1953).
Hutton, V. Rosemary S.: “Equatorial micropulsations,” J. Phys. Soc. Japan 17, Suppl. A-II, 20 (1961).
Jacobs, J. A. and T. Watanabe: “Propagation of hydromagnetic waves in the lower exosphere and the origin of short period geomagnetic pulsations,” J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 24, 413 (1961).
Jacobs, J. A. and T. Watanabe: “Trapped charged particles as the origin of short period geomagnetic pulsations,” Planetary Space Sci., (1963) (in press).
Jacobs, J. A. and E. J. Jolley: “Geomagnetic micropulsations with periods 0.3-3 seconds (“pearls”),” Nature 194, 641 (1962).
Jacobs, J. A. and K, O. Westphal: “Geomagnetic micropulsations,” Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Volume V, 253 Pergamon Press (1963).
Jacobs, J. A., J. E. Lokken and C. S. Wright: “Notation and classification of geomagnetic micropulsations,” J. Geophys. Res. (1963) (in press).
Kato, Y. and T. Saito: “Preliminary studies on the daily behaviour of rapid pulsation,” J. Geomag. Geoelectr. 10, 221 (1959).
König, H.: “Atmospherics geringster Frequenzen,” Z. angew. Phys. 11, 264 (1959).
Lokken, J. E., J. A. Shand, C. S. Wright, L. H. Martin, N. M. Brice and R. A. Helliwell: “Stanford-Pacific Naval Laboratory conjugate point experiment,” Nature 192, 319 (1961).
Lokken, J. E., J. A. Shand and C. S. Wright: “A note on the classification of geomagnetic signals below 30 cycles per second,” Can. J. Phys. 40, 1000 (1962).
Lokken, J. E., J. A. Shand and C. S. Wright: “Some characteristics of electromagnetic background signals in the vicinity of one cycle per second,” J. Geophys. Res. 68, 789 (1963).
Mainstone, J. S. and R. W. G. McNicol: “Screamer activity and pearl-pulsations,” Int. Conf. Ionos. London, July 1962.
Maple, E.: “Geomagnetic oscillations at middle latitudes. Pt. I The observational data,” J. Geophys. Res. 64, 1395 (1959a).
Maple, E.: “Geomagnetic oscillations at middle latitudes. Pt. II Sources of the oscillations,” J. Geophys. Res. 64, 1405 (1959b).
Matsushita, S.: “On the notations for geomagnetic micropulsations,” J. Geophys. Res. (1963) (in press).
Ness, N. F., T. L. Skillman, C. S. Scearce and J. P. Heppner: “Magnetic field fluctuations on the earth and in space,” J. Phys. Soc. Japan 17, A-II, 27 (1962).
Roquet, J., R. Schlich and E. Selzer: “Perturbations transitoires mondiales du champ magnétique terrestre, observées en France lors de l’explosion nucléaire spatiale du 9 Juillet 1962,” C. R. Acad. Sci. 255, 549 (1962).
Schlich, R.: “Variations rapides du champ magnétique terrestre à la station Charcot en Terre Adélie,” IAGA Bull. n. 16c, 71 (1961).
Schumann, W. O.: “Über die strahlungslosen Eigenschwingungen einer leitenden Kugel, die von einer Luftschicht und einer Ionosphärenhülle umgeben ist,” Z. Naturforschg. 7a, 149 (1952).
Selzer, E.: “Enregistrements simultanés en France a l’Equateur et dans 1’Antartique, des effets magnétiques engendrés par 1’«Expérience Argus»,” C. R. Acad. Sci. 249, 1133 (1959).
Selzer, E.: “Resultats d’ensemble des stations françaises,” IAGA Bull. n. 16c, 63 (1961).
Sucksdorff, E.: “Occurrence of rapid micropulsations at Sodankylä during 1932 to 1935,” Terr. Mag. 41, 337 (1936).
Tepley, L. R.: “A study of hydromagnetic emissions,” Sci. Rep. 2, Lockheed Missiles and Space Div. (LMSD-8948 14) (1961a).
Tepley, L. R.: “Observations of hydromagnetic emissions,” J. Geophys. Res. 66, 1651 (1961b).
Tepley, L. R.: “Simultaneous observations of hm emissions at middle and low latitudes,” Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union 44, 37 (1963).
Tepley, L. R. and R. C. Wentworth: “Hydromagnetic emissions, X-ray bursts, and electron bunches. I Experimental results,” J. Geophys. Res. 67, 3317 (1962).
Tepley, L. R. and R. C. Wentworth: “Hydromagnetic emissions associated with the magnetic storm of September 30th, 1961,” J. Geophys. Res. 68, 3733 (1963).
Troitskaya, V. A.: “Earth current installations at the stations of the USSR,” Ann. IGY 4, 322 (1957).
Troitskaya, V. A.: “Pulsation of the Earth’s electromagnetic field with periods of 1 to 15 seconds and their connection with phenomena in the high atmosphere,” J. Geophys. Res. 66, 5 (1961).
Troitskaya, V. A. and M. V. Melnikova: “On characteristic intervals of pulsations diminishing by periods (IPDP) and their connection with phenomena in the high atmosphere,” IAGA Bull. n. 16c, 135 (1961).
Troitskaya, V. A., L. A. Alperovich, M. V. Melnikova and G. A. Bulatova: “Fine structure of magnetic storms in respect of micropulsations (T<20 sec.),” J. Phys. Soc. Japan 17, A-II, 63 (1962).
Vladimirov, N. P. and N. G. Kleimenova: “On the structure of the Earth’s natural electromagnetic field in the frequency range of 0.5 — 100 cps,” Bull. Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR Geophys. Ser. (A.G.U. translation), 852 (1962).
Vozoff, K., R. M. Ellis and G. D. Garland: “Composition of pearls,” Nature 194, 539 (1962).
Wentworth, R. C. and L. R. Tepley: “Hydromagnetic emissions, X-ray bursts and electron bunches. 2. Theoretical interpretation,” J. Geophys. Res. 67, 3335 (1962).
Yanagihara, K.: “Some characteristics of geomagnetic pulsation pt and accompanied oscillation spt.” J. Geomag. Geoelectr. 10, 172 (1959).
Yanagihara, K.: “Geomagnetic micropulsations with periods from 0.03 to 10 seconds in the auroral zone with special reference to conjugate point studies,” J. Geophys. Res. 68, 3383 (1963).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1964 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this paper
Cite this paper
Jacobs, J.A. (1964). Micropulsations of the Earth’s Electromagnetic Field in the Frequency Range 0.1–10 Cps. In: Bleil, D.F. (eds) Natural Electromagnetic Phenomena below 30 kc/s. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6425-0_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6425-0_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-6210-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-6425-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive