Abstract
The study of a complex system such as an ion-exchange membrane can be approached from two directions, which are not mutually exclusive. We can make use of the theoretical framework of irreversible thermodynamics as first applied by Staverman1 to membrane systems, and as amplified by a number of other investigators, particularly Kedem and Katchalsky2–4. Here, we measure fluxes and generalized forces (the latter all too often involving the estimation of thermodynamic activity coefficients) and compute the phenomenological coefficients. This is essentially a ‘‘black box” approach which must give us correct and exact answers, provided the requirement of linearity between flux and force is obeyed, as they seem to be under the conditions which obtain in these systems.
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Gregor, H.P. (1968). Ion-Exchange Membranes—Correlation Between Structure and Function. In: La Chimie Macromoléculaire—4 / Macromolecular Chemistry—4. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6407-6_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6407-6_6
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