The Origins of Astronomy

Abstract

Astronomy, as an orderly pursuit of knowledge about the heavenly bodies and the universe, did not begin in one moment at some particular epoch in a single society. Every ancient society had its own concept of the universe (cosmology) and of humanity’s relationship to the universe. In most cases, these concepts were certainly molded by three forces: theology (religion), nature (climate, floods, winds, natural disasters), and the assumed influence of the stars and planets on the fortunes and fate of people and their societies (astrology).

If I had been present at the creation, I would have given some useful hints for the better arrangement of the universe.

—Alfonso the Wise, King of Castile