Abstract
Learning to hate is almost as inescapable as breathing. Like almost everyone else, the hate crime offender grows up in a culture that defines certain people as righteous, upstanding citizens; while designating others as sleazy, immoral characters who deserve to be mistreated. As a child, the perpetrator may never have had a firsthand experience with members of the groups he will later come to despise and then victimize. But, early on, merely by conversing with his family, friends, and teachers or by watching his favorite television programs, he learns the characteristics of disparaging stereotypes.
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Notes
Gary A. Tobin and Sharon L. Sassier, Jewish Perceptions of Anti-Semitism (New York: Plenum, 1988).
Jack Levin and William C. Levin, The Functions of Discrimination and Prejudice (New York: Harper & Row, 1982).
Alison Lurie, The Language of Clothing (New York: Random House, 1981), p. 81.
Levin and Levin, The Functions of Discrimination and Prejudice; Jack Levin, William C. Levin, and Arnold Arluke, “Powerful Elders” (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Pittsburgh, August 1992)
Nel Noddings, Women and Evil (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989)
Sam Keen, Faces of the Enemy (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1986).
Elinor Langer, “The American Neo-Nazi Movement Today,” The Nation, July 16/23, 1990, pp. 82-107.
Noddings, Women and Evil; Keen, Faces of the Enemy.
Howard Schuman, Charlotte Steeh, and Lawrence Bobo, Racial Attitudes in America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988)
Lee Siegelman and Susan Welch, Black Americans’ Views of Racial Inequality (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
Lynne Duke, “Race Relations Are Worsening,” in Racism in America: Opposing Viewpoints, ed. William Dudley (San Diego, CA: Green-haven Press, 1991), pp. 17–20.
Thea Lee, “Racism Is a Serious Problem for Asian Americans,” in Racism in America: Opposing Viewpoints, ed. William Dudley (San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1991), pp. 38–45.
Ibid.
Richard D. Mohr, “Anti-Gay Stereotypes,” in Gays/Justice: A Study of Ethics, Society and Law (New York: Columbia University Press, 1988), pp. 21–27.
Levin and Levin, The Functions of Discrimination and Prejudice.
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© 1993 Jack Levin and Jack McDevitt
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Levin, J., McDevitt, J. (1993). Nasty Pictures in Our Heads. In: Hate Crimes. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6108-2_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6108-2_2
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