Abstract
The twentieth century has been a century of hostility, an epoch in which the brutality of humankind has erupted and flowed more expansively than ever before. During the past eight decades, mass hatred has reached genocidal proportions in Turkey, Germany, Indonesia, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Burundi, Cambodia, Bosnia, Rwanda, and elsewhere. Blood has gushed so freely, and with such frequency, that one might consider the urge to kill one’s neighbor an inborn characteristic of our species.
Sick people are made by a sick culture; healthy people are made possible by a healthy culture. But it is just as true that sick individuals make their culture more sick and that healthy individuals make their culture more healthy.1
Abraham Maslow, Psychologist
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Notes
Abraham H. Maslow, Toward a Psychology of Being, 2nd ed. (New York: Van Nostrand, 1968), 6.
Paul Lewis, “Rape Was Weapon of Serbs, U.N. Says,” New York Times, 20 October 1993, A1, late ed.
Charles Lane, “Washington Diarist: War Stories,” New Republic, 3 January 1994, 43.
Aryeh Neier, “Watching Rights,” Nation, 1 March 1993, 259.
Anna Quindlen, “Gynocide,” New York Times, 10 March 1993, A19, late ed.
Tom Post et al., “A Pattern of Rape,” Newsweek, 4 January 1993, 34.
Ibid., 35-36.
Roy Gutman, A Witness to Genocide (New York: Macmillan, 1993), 166.
Susan Brownmiller, “Making Female Bodies the Battlefield,” Newsweek, 4 January 1993, 37.
Post et al., p. 34. Herak’s story is also reported in several other sources: John F. Burns, “Bosnia War Crime Trial Hears Serb’s Confession,” New York Times, 14 March 1993, sec. 1, 10, late ed.
John F. Burns, “2 Serbs To Be Shot for Killings and Rapes,” New York Times, 31 March 1993, A6, late ed.
Peter Maass, “Two Serbs Face Murder, Rape Charges in Bosnia’s First War Crimes Trial,” Washington Post, 12 March 1993, A17, final ed.
Peter Maass, “Bosnia War Crimes Case Opens: Serbs Accused of Massacres, Rapes Face Sarajevo Court,” Washington Post, 13 March 1993, A14, final ed.
David Crary, “The Anatomy of a War Crime,” Boston Globe, 28 November 1992, 2.
Post et al., 34.
Burns, “Bosnia War Crime Trial Hears Serb’s Confession,” 10.
Ralph Blumenthal, “U.S. Says Bomb-Plot Suspects Talked of Blowing Up Manhattan Jewelry District,” New York Times, 30 June 1993, B3, late ed.
David Johnston, “The Cleric’s Indictment; Reno Sees Growing Evidence and Makes Call,” New York Times, 26 August 1993, B4, late ed.
Jill Smolowe, “A Voice of Holy War,” Time, 15 March 1993, 31.
“Specter of Terror: The Suspects,” New York Times, 25 June 1993, B3, late ed.
Richard Behar, “The Secret Life of Mahmud the Red,” Time, 4 October 1993, 54-61.
Francis X. Clines, “U.S.-Born Suspect in Bombing Plots: Zealous Causes and Civic Roles,” New York Times, 28 June 1993, B2, late ed.
Francis X. Clines, “Bomb-Plot Suspects’ Lives Emerge in Sharper Detail,” New York Times, 4 July 1993, sec. 1, 27, late ed.
Joseph P. Fried, “Sheik and 9 Followers Guilty of a Conspiracy of Terrorism,” New York Times, 2 October 1995, A1, late ed.
Joseph B. Treaster, “Secret Tapes Are Disclosed in Bomb Plot,” New York Times, 3 August 1993, B1, late ed.
Clines, “U.S.-Born Suspect in Bombing Plots,” B2.
Deborah E. Lipstadt, Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory (New York: Free Press, 1993); Pierre Vidal-Naquet, Assassins of Memory: Essays on the Denial of the Holocaust, trans. Jeffrey Mehlman (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993). See also Brian Siano, “False History, Gas Chambers, Blue Smoke and Cracked Mirrors,” Humanist, July-August 1993, 31.
Gerald Fleming, “Engineers of Death,” New York Times, 18 July 1993, sec. 4, 19, late ed. This article includes translated transcripts of interviews with the engineers conducted by the intelligence branch of the Soviet army in the late 1940s. The engineers’ statements are taken from these transcripts.
Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil, rev. ed. (New York: Penguin Books, 1977).
Ibid., 25.
Stanley Milgram, Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View (New York: Harper-Colophon, 1974).
Craig Haney, Curtis Banks, and Philip Zimbardo, “A Study of Prisoners and Guards in a Simulated Prison,” in Readings about the Social Animal, 7th ed. (Elliot Aronson, ed.) (New York: W.W. Freeman, 1995.
Robert Jay Lifton, The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide (New York: Basic Books, 1988), 418–465.
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© 1996 Neil J. Kressel
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Kressel, N.J. (1996). The Hater’s Mind. In: Mass Hate. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6084-9_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6084-9_1
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