Abstract
Interstitial alloys have played their part in man’s history ever since, about 4,000 years ago, he first chanced to intermingle small carbon atoms with large iron atoms, and thus to forge both sword and ploughshare (and so his destiny). However, only in recent decades has the scope of interstitial alloys multiplied so greatly and in so many novel directions, because only now has the real demand arisen in science and industry. Moreover, most of the transition metals upon which interstitial alloys depend, have only recently become more readily available. It would seem appropriate, therefore, in this book to try and take stock, to see how ‘iron-age chance’ has developed into the scientific design of today, and to review some of the main recent trends.
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Selected Literature
X-ray Crystallography
Bragg, W. H. and W. L. The Crystalline State I; James, R. W. The Crystalline State II: The optical principles of the diffraction of X-rays, London (Bell) 1962 and 1963
Buerger, M. J. Elementary Crystallography, New York (Wiley) 1963
Lonsdale, K. Crystals and X-rays, London (Bell) 1948
Philips, F. G. An Introduction to Crystallography, London (Longmans) 1963
Bunn, G. W. Chemical Crystallography, Oxford University Press, 1961;
Bunn, G. W. Crystals: Their Role in Nature and in Science, New York and London (Academic Press) 1964
Azaroff, L. V. and Buerger, M. J. The Powder Method in X-ray Crystallography, New York (McGraw-Hill) 1958
D’Eye, R. W. M. and Wait, E. X-ray Powder Photography, London (Butterworths) 1960
Henry, N. F. M., Lipson, H. and Wooster, W. A. The Interpretation of X-ray Diffraction Photographs, London (Macmillan) 1960
Klug, H. P. and Alexander, L. E. X-ray Diffraction Procedures for Polycrystalline and Amorphous Materials, New York (Wiley) and London (Chapman & Hall) 1954
X-ray Diffraction by Polycrystalline Materials (Ed. Peiser, H. S., Rooksby, H. P. and Wilson, A.J. G.) London (Institute of Physics) 1960.
Barrett, C. S. and Massalski, T. B. Structure of Metals, New York (McGraw-Hill) 1966
Glocker, R. R. Materialprüfung mit Röntgenstrahlung, Berlin (Springer) 1958
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Guinier, A. and Dexter, D. L. X-ray Studies of Materials, New York (Interscience) 1963
Taylor, A. X-ray Metallography, New York (Wiley) 1961
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Cullity, B. D. Elements of X-ray Diffraction, Reading, Mass. (Addison-Wesley), 1959
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Neutron Diffraction
Bacon, G. E.3; Applications of Neutron Diffraction in Chemistry, London (Pergamon) 1963; Research 7 (1954) 312
Electron Microscopy and Diffraction
Techniques of Electron Microscopy, Diffraction and Microprobe Analysis, STP 372, Philadelphia (American Society for Testing and Materials) 1965
Cosslett, V. E. Practical Electron Microscopy, London (Butterworths) 1951
Fisher, R. B. Applied Electron Microscopy, Indiana University Press, 1954
Haine, M. E. The Electron Microscope. The Present State of the Art, London (Spon) 1961
Hirsch, P. B. et al., Electron Microscopy of Thin Crystals, London (Butterworths) 1965
Wyckoff, R. W. G. The World of the Electron Microscope, Yale University Press, 1958
Field Emission Microscopy
Brandon, D. G. Modern Techniques in Metallography, London (Butterworths) 1966
Muller, E. W. J. phys. Soc. Japan 18 Suppl. 11 (1963) 1
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May Lecture on ‘Metallography at the Atomic Level’
Gomer, R. Field Emission and Field Ionization, Harvard University Press, 1961
Ehrlich, G. Discovery 26 (11) (1965) 25
Optical Microscopy (Numerous metallurgical texts, e.g.)
Desch, G. H. Metallography, London (Longmans) 1937
Nutting, J. and Baker, R. G. The Microstructure of Metals, London (Institute of Metals) 1966
Greaves, R. H. and Wrightson, H. Practical Microscopical Metallography, London (Chapman & Hall) 1957
Hartshorne, N. H. and Stuart, A. Practical Optical Crystallography, Amsterdam (Elsevier) 1964
Internal Friction (cf. Chapter 3)
Entwistle, K. M. Metall. Rev. 7 (1962) 175 [Review]
Microprobe Analysis
Symposium on X-ray and Electron Probe Analysis, STP 349, Philadelphia (American Society for Testing and Materials) 1964
Theisen, R. Quantitative Electron Microprobe Analysis, Berlin (Springer) 1965
Birks, L. S. Electron Probe Microanalysis, New York (Interscience) 1963
X-ray Optics and X-ray Microanalysis (Ed. Pattee, H. H., Cosslett, V. E. and Engstrom, A.) New York and London (Academic Press) 1963 [Stanford Symposium Report]
Nuclear and Electron Magnetic Resonance
Andrew, E. R. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Cambridge University Press, 1958
Electronic Magnetic Resonance and Solid Dielectrics (Ed. Servant, R. and Charru, A.), [12th Ampère Colloquium] Amsterdam (North Holland) and New York (Interscience) 1964
Radioactive Tracer Techniques and Autoradiography
Leymonie, C. Radioactive Tracers in Physical Metallurgy, London (Chapman & Hall) 1963
Cahn, R. W. Trans. Inst. Metal Finish. 35 (1958) 1
Review article on application of radioactive tracers to surface studies
Thermodynamic Techniques
Kubaschewski, O. and Catterall, J. A. Thermochemical Data of Alloys, London (Pergamon) 1956
Kubaschewski, O. and Evans, E. L. Metallurgical Thermochemistry, London (Pergamon) 1958 (and many standard thermodynamic texts)
Experimental Thermochemistry (Ed. Rossini, F. D.), New York (Interscience) 1956
Experimental Thermochemistry (2 Vols.) (Ed. Skinner, H. A.), New York (Interscience) 1956, 1962
Hume-Rothery, W., Christian, J. W. and Pearson, W. B. Metallurgical Equilibrium Diagrams London (Institute of Physics) 1951
Phase Extraction Methods
Andrews, K. W. and Hughes, H. Iron Steel Lond. 31 (1958) 43
Beeghly, H. F. Analyt. Chem. 21 (1949) 1513
Booker, G. R. and Norbury, J. Brit. J. appl. Phys. 8 (1957) 109, 158; 9 (1958) 361;
Booker, G. R. and Norbury, J. J. scient. Instrum. 36 (1959) 368
Especially for small-sample amounts from surfaces, e.g. for x-ray examination
Klinger, P. and Koch, W. Beiträge zur Metallkundlichen Analyse, Düsseldorf (Stahleisen) 1949 The authors are perhaps the best known in this field for their development work
Pemberton, R. Analyst, Lond. 77 (1952) 285
Schrader, A. Arch. EisenhüttWes. 29 (1958) 793
Seal, A. K. and Honeycombe, R. W. K. J. Iron Steel Inst. 188 (1958) 9
Smith, E. and Nutting, J. Brit. J. appl. Phys. 7 (1956) 214;
Smith, E. and Nutting, J. J. Iron Steel Inst. 187 (1957) 314
The last three papers are typical of methods of extraction replica preparation for electron microscopy
Hughes, H. J. Iron Steel Inst. 204 (1966) 804
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Goldschmidt, H.J. (1967). Introduction. In: Interstitial Alloys. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5880-8_1
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