The Meaning of Electrical Resistance and Its Importance

Abstract

A ready ability to conduct electricity is one of the most characteristic and important features of a metal. It is due to the presence of large numbers of quasi-free electrons which under the action of an applied electric field are able to flow through the metallic lattice.* Were it not for the presence of disturbing influences within the metal, infinite conductivity would result, but such influences are invariably present, and they can be very diverse and numerous.† They impede the free flow of electrons, scattering them and giving rise to a resistance called the electrical resistance. If the dimensions of the metal sample are known, a specific electrical resistivity for the metal can be calculated. This resistivity is characteristic of that particular metal, and it is dependent on the temperature and pressure at any instant as well as on the chemical and physical state of the metal.