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Abstract

O-Direct Union of semi-groups with zero - The semi-group obtained from the given family S α of semi-groups with zero, pairwise intersecting at this zero, by specifying on (⋃α S α the multiplication operation that coincides with the original operation on each semi-group S α and is such that S α S β=0 for different α, β. The O-direct union is also called the orthogonal sum. A number of types of semi-groups can be described by decomposing them in an O-direct union of known semi-groups (cf., e.g., Maximal ideal; Minimal ideal; Regular semi-group).

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  410. Levy, A.: Basic set theory, Springer, 1979.

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  412. Introduction to topology, Moscow, 1980 (in Russian).

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  425. Orlicz, W.: ‘Ueber eine gewisse Klasse von Räumen vom Typus BBull. Intern. Acad Pol. Ser. A 8/9 (1932), 207–220.

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  426. Krasnosel’skiî, M.A. and Rutitskiĭ, Ya.B.: Convex functions and Orlicz spaces, Noordhoff, 1961 (translated from the Russian).

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  427. Gaposhkin, V.F.: ‘Existence of absolute bases in Orlicz spaces’, Fund. Anal. Appi. 1, no. 4 (1967), 278–284. (Funkts. Anal., i Prilozhen. 1, no. 4 (1967), 26-32)

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  428. Krein, S.G., Petunin, Yu. I. and Semenov, E.M.: Interpolation of linear operators, Amer. Math. Soc, 1982 (translated from the Russian).

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  429. Lindenstrauss, J. and Tzafriri, L.: Classical Banach spaces, 1-2, Springer, 1977-1979.

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  475. Bakhvalov, N.S.: Numerical methods: analysis, algebra, ordinary differential equations, Mir, 1977 (translated from the Russian).

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  518. Nevai, P. (ed.): Orthogonal polynomials: theory and practice, Kluwer, 1990.

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Shevrin, L.N. et al. (1995). O. In: Hazewinkel, M. (eds) Encyclopaedia of Mathematics. Encyclopaedia of Mathematics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3791-9_3

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