Abstract
It is known that the. quantization procedure can spoil classical symmetries. The problem afflicts continuous chiral symmetries and gravitational symmetries of massless (Weyl) fermions, the former in any even-dimensional space-time, the latter in space-times with dimensionality 4k + 2, k = 0,1,.... [Similar quantum breaking afflicts discrete symmetries (P, T) in odd dimensions, and scale/conformai symmetries in any dimension; we shall not be concerned with these.] As a consequence, the symmetry current, whose classical conservation is assured by Noether’s theorem, ceases to be conserved after quantization. We call such a current anomalous; it possesses an anomalous divergence, and the coupling of gauge fields to this current becomes problematical [1].
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References AND Notes
For a review and references to the original literature, see S. Treiman, R. Jackiw, B. Zumino, and E. Witten, Current Algebra and Anomalies, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey/World Scientific, Singapore, 1985;
For a review and references to the original literature, see S. Treiman, R. Jackiw, B. Zumino, and E. Witten, Anomalies, Geometry, Topology (W. Bardeen and A. White, eds.), World Scientific, Singapore, 1985.
For earlier review see R. Jackiw, in: Proceedings of the Oregon Meeting (R. Hwa, ed.), World Scientific, Singapore, 1986, p. 772;
R. Rajaraman, Second Asia Pacific Physics Conference, Indian Institute of Science (Bangalore) (1986) preprint;
C. Viallet, Super Field Theories (H. C. Lee, V. Elias, G. Kunstatter, R. B. Mann, and K. S. Viswanathan, eds.), Plenum, New York, 1987, p. 399.
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Let me note here that other purported verifications, using regulated fixed-time procedures for calculating the anomalous commutator, in contrast to the BJL method of the above-cited investigations, are in fact incomplete: L. Faddeev and S. Shatashvili’s paper, Phys. Lett. 167B, 225 (1986), contains errors, while I. Frenkel and I. Singer did not complete their calculations. A non-BJL analysis, which apparently also confirms the conjectured form of the commutator,
is by A. Niemi and G. Semenoff, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1019 (1986). This interesting paper relates the anomaly phenomenon to Berry’s adiabatic phase;
see also G. Semenoff, Super Field Theories (H. C. Lee, V. Elias, G. Kunstatter, R. B. Mann, and K. S. Viswanathan, eds.), Plenum, New York, 1987, p. 407.
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Lorentz noninvariant results have also been obtained by Halliday et al. and Chanowitz, Ref. 14; A. Niemi and G. Semenofi, Phys. Lett. 175B, 439 (1986). But these authors use a Lorentz noninvariant gauge, which cannot be justified in a gauge noninvariant theory.
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L. Faddeev (private communication).
E. D’Hoker and E. Farhi, in unpublished research, have convinced themselves that their model (Ref. 9), with a kinetic term for the Wess-Zumino chiral field, is not renormalizable.
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Jackiw, R. (1988). Update on Anomalous Theories. In: Teitelboim, C. (eds) Quantum Mechanics of Fundamental Systems 1. Series of the Centro de Estudios Científicos de Santiago. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3728-5_11
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