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Spectroscopy on Laterally Confined Electron Systems

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Quantum Coherence in Mesoscopic Systems

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NSSB,volume 254))

Abstract

Progressive decrease of the size of mesoscopic devices enables us to enter the area of quantum confined electron systems in which the system extensions are comparable to the Fermi-wavelength. It is intriguing to investigate how spatial confinement influences system properties when the system size drops from macroscopic dimensions (W ≫ λF) to extents comparable to the Fermi wavelength (W ≃ λF). In such systems not only phase coherence phenomena but also confinement induced quantization of the conduction band energies into subbands or discrete levels start to influence system properties. Such devices are preferentially realized on semiconductors because of the relatively large Fermi wavelengths and small effective masses in these materials. Presently, the fabrication of mesoscopic devices in semiconductors starts in most cases from the two-dimensional (2 D) electron system in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures or epitaxially grown heterojunctions [1], In these systems the electrons are strongly bound at the interface so that the system is quantum confined in the direction normal to the interface. Free motion is possible only in the remaining lateral dimensions. Most advantageous is that very high mobilities are achievable (up to 107cm2/Vs in present GaAs heterojunctions), correspondingly the elastic mean free path can be as high as several microns, and the carrier density can be tuned over a wide range (up to several 1012cm-2 in Si-MOS structures). The lateral confinement of the 2 D electron system to quasi one-dimensional (ID) wires or quasi zero-dimensional (0 D) electron dots is provided by micro-structuring processes that pattern the device surface [2].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sektion Physik, Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, W-8000, München 22, F. R. Germany

    Wolfgang Hansen

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  1. Wolfgang Hansen
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  1. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig und Berlin, Braunschweig, Germany

    B. Kramer

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Hansen, W. (1991). Spectroscopy on Laterally Confined Electron Systems. In: Kramer, B. (eds) Quantum Coherence in Mesoscopic Systems. NATO ASI Series, vol 254. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3698-1_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3698-1_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-3700-1

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