Abstract
Biobehavioral disorders associated with advanced age have received scant systematic attention in the behavior therapy literature. Although the feasibility of a behavioral approach to the unique problems of later life has been supported and demonstrated repeatedly (Barnes, Sack, & Shore, 1973; Cautela, 1966, 1969; Cohen, 1967; Hoyer, 1973; Hoyer, Mishara, & Riedel, 1975), these proposals have been embraced by only a handful of clinical scientists. Even today, O. R. Lindsley’s important treatise, Geriatric Behavioral Prosthetics, published in 1964, remains generally unknown to the scientific community. Behaviorally oriented writers such as Cautela and Mansfield (1977) and Richards and Thorpe (1978) later attempted to organize efforts in the geriatric domain, but, as was the case with earlier endeavors, their impact on the field of behavior therapy was modest at best.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams, H. E. (1981). Abnormal psychology. Dubuque, IA: Brown.
Adams, H. E., Malatesta, V., Brantley, P. J., & Turkat, I. D. (1981). Modification of cognitive processes: A case study of schizophrenia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 460–464.
Albert, M. S. (1981). Geriatric neuropsychology. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 835–850.
American Psychiatric Association. (1968). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd Ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Arenberg, D. (1968). Concept problem solving in young and old adults. Journal of Gerontology, 23, 279–282.
Atchley, R. C. (1977). The social forces in later life. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Bak, J. S., & Greene, R. L. (1980). Changes in neuropsychological functioning in an aging population. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 395–399.
Bakal, D. A. (1979). Psychology and medicine: Psychohiological dimensions of health and illness. New York: Springer.
Baltes, P. B. (1968). Longitudinal and cross-sectional sequences in the study of age and geration effects. Human Development, 11, 145–171.
Baltes, P. B., & Goulet, L. R. (1981). Exploration of developmental variables by manipulation and simulation of age differences in behavior. Human Development, 14, 149–170.
Baltes, P., & Schaie, W. (Eds.). (1973). Life-span developmental psychology: Personality and socialization. New York: Academic Press.
Barnes, E. K., Sack, A., & Shore, H. (1973). Guidelines to treatment approaches: Modalities and methods for use with the aged. The Gerontologist, 13, 513–527.
Barry, J. R. (1977). The psychology of aging. In J. R. Barry & C. R. Wingrove (Eds.), Let’s learn about aging: A book of readings. New York: Halstead.
Benedict, R. C, & Ganikos, M. L. (1981). Coming to terms with ageism in rehabilitation. Journal of Rehabilitation, 47, 10–18.
Bergman, M. (1971). Changes in hearing with age. The Gerontologist, 11, 148–151.
Berry, R. G. (1975). Pathology of dementia. In J. G. Howells (Ed.), Modern perspectives in the psychiatry of old age. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Birren, J. E., Butler, R. N., Greenhouse, S. W., Sokoloff, L., & Yarrow, M. R. (Eds.). (1971). Human aging I: A biological and behavioral study (U.S. Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare Publication No. ADM (74–122). Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office.
Blanchard, E. B. (1982). Behavioral medicine: Past, present, and future. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 795–796.
Bondareff, W., Baldy, R., & Levy, R. (1981). Quantitative computed tomography in senile dementia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 1365–1368.
Botwinick, J. (1978). Aging and behavior (2nd ed.). New York: Springer.
Botwinick, J. (1981). Neuropsychology of aging. In S. B. Filskov & T. J. Boll (Eds.), Handbook of clinical neuropsychology. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
Botwinick, J. (1977). Intellectual functions. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging. New York: Van Nostrand.
Botwinick, J., & Storandt, M. (1974). Memory, related functions, and age. Springfield, IL: Thomas.
Brocklehurst, J. C. (1978). Textbook of geriatric medicine (2nd ed.). New York: Churchill Livingstone.
Brody, H., & Vijayashankar, N. (1977). Anatomical changes in the nervous system. In C. E. Finch & L. Hayflick (Eds.), Handbook of the biology of aging. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Butler, R. N., & Lewis, M. I. (1973). Aging and mental health. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby.
Butters, N., & Cermak, L. S. (1980). Alcoholic Korsakoff’s syndrome: An information-processing approach to amnesia. New York: Academic Press.
Caine, E. D. (1981). Pseudodementia: Current concepts and future directions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 1359–1364.
Carey, M. P., Flasher, L. V., Maisto, S. A., & Turkat, I. D. (1984). The a priori approach to psychological assessment. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 15, 515–527.
Carson, T. P., & Carson, R. C. (1984). The affective disorders. In H. E. Adams & P. B. Sutker (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychopathology. New York: Plenum Press.
Cautela, J. R. (1966). Behavior therapy and geriatrics. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 108, 9–17.
Cautela, J. R. (1969). A classical conditioning approach to the development and modification of behavior in the aged. The Gerontologist, 9, 109–113.
Cautela, J. R., & Mansfield, L. (1977). A behavioral approach to geriatrics. In W. D. Gentry (Ed.), Geropsychology: A model of training and clinical service. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
Cleveland, W. P., & Gianturco, D. T. (1976). Remarriage probability after widowhood: A retrospective method. Journal of Gerontology, 31, 99–103.
Coblentz, J. M., Mattis, J., Zingesser, L. H., Kasoff, S. S., Wisniewski, H. M., & Katzman, R. (1973). Presenile dementia. Archives of Neurology, 29, 299–308.
Cohen, D. (1967). Research problems and concepts in the study of aging: Assessment and behavior modification. The Gerontologist, 7, 13–19.
Cohen, L. D., & Cooley, S. G. (1983). Psychology training programs for direct services to the aging (Status report: 1980). Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 14, 720–728.
Coyle, J. T., Price, D. L., & DeLong, M. R. (1983). Alzheimer’s disease: A disorder of cortical cholinergic innervation. Science, 219, 1184–1190.
Craik, F. I. M. (1977). Age differences in human memory. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Craik, F. I. M., & Trehub, S. (Eds.). (1982). Aging and cognitive processes: Advances in the study of communication and affect. New York: Plenum Press.
Cumming, E., & Henry, W. E. (1961). Growing old: The process of disengagement. New York: Basic Books.
Eisdorfer, C. (1969). Alternatives for the aging. The Torch, 42, 35–40.
Elliott, L. L. (1982). Effects of noise on perception of speech by children and certain handicapped individuals. Sound and Vibration, 16, 10–14.
Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196, 130–136.
Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and society (2nd ed.). New York: Norton.
Erikson, E. H., & Erikson, J. M. (1978). Introduction: Reflections on aging. In S. F. Spicker, K. M. Woodward, & D. D. Van Tassel (Eds.), Aging and the elderly: Humanistic perspectives in gerontology. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press.
Ernst, P., Beran, B., & Kleinhauz, M. (1979). Dr. Ernst and his colleagues reply. The Gerontologist, 19, 530–533.
Ernst, P., Beran, B, Safford, F., & Kleinhauz, M. (1978). Isolation and the symptoms of chronic brain syndrome. The Gerontologist, 18, 468–474.
Estes, E. H. (1977). Health experience in the elderly. In E. W. Busse & E. Pfeiffer (Eds.), Behavior and adaptation in late life. Boston: Little, Brown.
Fann, W. E. (1973). Interactions of psychotropic drugs in the elderly. Postgraduate Medicine, 53, 182–186.
Fauman, M. A. (1977). A diagnostic system for organic brain disorders: Critique amd suggestion. Psychiatric Quarterly, 49, 173–179.
Federal Council on Aging. (1981). The need for longterm care: Information and issues. DHHS No. (OHDS) 81–20704.
Filskov, S. B., & Boll, T. J. (Eds.). (1981). Handbook of clinical neuropsychology. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-Mental State.” Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198.
Frolkis, V. V. (1977). Aging of the autonomic nervous system. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handhook of the psychology of aging. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Gallagher, D., Thompson, L. W., & Levy, S. M. (1980). Clinical psychological assessment of older adults. In L. W. Poon (Ed.), Aging in the 1980s: Psychological issues. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Gardner, R., Oliver-Munoz, S., Fisher, L., & Empting, I. (1981). Mattis Dementia Rating Scale: Internal reliability study using a diffusely impaired population. Clinical Neuropsychology, 3, 271–275.
Gentry, W. D. (Ed.). (1977). Geropsychology: A model of training and clinical service. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
Glenner, G. G. (1982). Alzheimer’s disease (senile dementia): A research update and critique with recommendations. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 30, 59–62.
Goethe, K. E., & Penberthy, A. R. (1980). Drug use and the elderly: A review of the literature. Richmond, VA: Virginia Commonwealth University Center on Aging.
Golden, C. J. (1981). Diagnosis and rehabilitation in clinical neuropsychology (2nd ed.). Springfield, IL: Thomas.
Goldstein, G. (1979). Methodological and theoretical issues in neuropsychological assessment. Journal of Behavioral Assessment, 1, 23–41.
Goldstein, G., & Shelly, C. (1982). A multivariate neuropsychological approach to brain lesion localization in alcoholism. Addictive Behaviors, 7, 165–175.
Gonsalez, C. F., Grossman, C. B., & Palacios, E. (1979). Computed brain and orbital tomography. New York: Wiley.
Gottesman, L. E. (1977). Clinical psychology and aging: A role model. In W. D. Gentry (Ed.), Geropsychology: A model of training and clinical service. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
Goulet, L. R., & Baltes, P. B. (Eds.). (1970). Life-span developmental psychology: Research and theory. New York: Academic Press.
Gurel, L., Linn, M. W., & Linn, B. S. (1972). Physical and mental impairment of function evaluation in the aged: The PAMIE scale. Journal of Gerontology, 27, 83–87.
Haaland, K. Y., Linn, R. T., Hunt, W. C, & Goodwin, J. S. (1983). A normative study of Russell’s variant of the Wechsler Memory Scale in a healthy elderly population. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 878–881.
Hamlin, R. M. (1967). A utility theory of old age. The Gerontologist, 7, 37–45 (Part II).
Hanaway, J., Scott, W. R., & Strother, C. M. (1979). Atlas of the human brain and the orbit for computed tomography. St. Louis: Warren Green.
Havighurst, R. J. (1968). A social-psychological perspective on aging. The Gerontologist, 8, 67–71.
Havighurst, R. J., Neugarten, B. L., & Tobin, S. S. (1968). Disengagement and patterns of aging. In B. L. Neugarten (Ed.), Middle age and aging. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hayflick, L. (1975). Current theories of biological aging. In G. J. Thorbecke (Ed.), Biology of aging and development. New York: Plenum Press.
Hebb, D. O. (1955). The mammal and his environment. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 111, 826–831.
Hendricks, J., & Hendricks, C. D. (1977). Aging in mass society: Myths and realities. Cambridge, MA: Winthrop.
Heron, W. (1957). The pathology of boredom. Scientific American, 196, 52–56.
Hollister, L. E. (1977). Mental disorders in the elderly. Drug Therapy, 7, 128–135.
Honigfeld, G., & Klett, J. C. (1965). The Nurses’ Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21, 65–69.
Horowitz, H. A. (1981). Psychiatric casualties of minimal brain dysfunction in adolescents. In: S. C. Feinstein, J. G. Looney, A. Z. Schwartzberg, & A. D. Sorosky (Eds.), Adolescent psychiatry: Developmental and clinical studies (Vol. 9). Chicago: Univ of Chicago Press.
Howard, M. E. (1983). A handbook of behavior management strategies for traumatically brain-injured adults. Kansas City, MS: Veterans Administration Medical Center. Unpublished manuscript.
Hoyer, W. J. (1973). Application of operant techniques to the modification of elderly behavior. The Gerontologist, 13, 18–22.
Hoyer, W. J., Mishara, B. L., & Riedel, R. (1975). Problem behaviors as operants. The Gerontologist, 15, 452–465.
Hulicka, I. M., & Grossman, J. L. (1967). Age-group comparisons for the use of mediators in paired-associate learning. Journal of Gerontology, 22, 46–51.
Hussian, R. A. (1981). Geriatric psychology: A behavioral perspective. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Jacoby, R. J., & Levy, R. (1980). Computerized tomography in the elderly. Senile dementia: Diagnosis and functional impairement. British Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 256–259.
Jaffee, C. C. (1982). Medical imaging. American Scientist, 70, 576–585.
Kahn, R. L. (1977). Perspectives in the evaluation of psychological mental health problems for the aged. In W. D. Gentry (Ed.), Geropsychology: A model of training and clinical service. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
Kahn, R. L., & Miller, N. E. (1978). Assessment of altered brain function in the aged. In M. Storandt, I. Siegler, & M. F. Elias (Eds.), The clinical psychology of aging. New York: Plenum Press.
Kahn, R. L., Goldfarb, A. L., Pollack, M., & Peck, A. (1960). Brief objective measures for the determination of mental status in the aged. American Journal of Psychiatry, 117, 326–328.
Lawton, M. P., & Gottesman, L. E. (1974). Psychological services to the elderly. American Psychologist, 29, 689–693.
Layton, B. (1975). Perceptual noise and aging. Psychological Bulletin, 82, 875–883.
Lazarus, R. S., & DeLongis, A. (1983). Psychological stress and coping in aging. American Psychologist, 38, 245–254.
Leber, W. R., & Parsons, O. A. (1982). Premature aging and alcoholism. International Journal of the Addictions, 17, 61–88.
Lehmann, H. E. (1972). Psychopharmacological aspects of geriatric medicine. In C. M. Gaitz (Ed.), Aging and the brain. New York: Plenum Press.
Lewinsohn, P. M., & Teri, L. (1983). Clinical geropsychology. New York: Pergamon.
Lewinsohn, P. M., Teri, L., & Hautzinger, M. (1984). Training clinical psychologists for work with older adults: A working model. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 15, 187–202.
Lezak, M. D. (1983). Neuropsychological assessment (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Lifshitz, K. (1960). Problems in the quantitative evaluation of patients with psychoses of the senium. Journal of Psychology, 49, 295–303.
Lindsley, O. R. (1964). Geriatric behavioral prosthetics. In R. Kastenbaum (Ed.), New thoughts on old age. New York: Springer.
Lopata, H. Z. (1971). Widows as a minority group. The Gerontologist, 2, 67–77.
Maher, B., & Ross, J. S. (1984). Delusions. In H. E. Adams & P. B. Sutker (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychopathology. New York: Plenum Press.
Malatesta, V. J. (1980a). Female sexuality and aging: Issues and implications. Journal of Women Studies, 2, 16–27.
Malatesta, V. J. (1980b). The urban widow: A focus for gerontological study. In J. E. Montgomery & L. H. Walters (Eds.), Presentations on aging. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
Malatesta, V. J. (1985). Differential diagnosis of geriatric depression and dementia: Clinical signs and symptoms. Clinical Gerontologist, 3, 42–43.
Malatesta, V. J., Sutker, P. B., & Adams, H. E. (1980). Experimental assessment of tinnitus aurium. Journal of Behavioral Assessment, 2, 309–317.
Malatesta, V.J., Chambless, D. L., & Pollack, M. (1983, May). Sexual adaptations to widowhood: A life-span analysis. Paper presented at the Sixth World Conference of Sexology: United States Consortium for Sexology, Washington, DC.
Marquez, J. (1983). Computerized tomography and neuropsychological tests in dementia. Clinical Gerontologist, 2, 13–22.
Mattis, S. (1976). Mental status examination for organic mental syndrome in the elderly patient. In L. Bellak & T. B. Karasu (Eds.), Geriatric psychiatry. New York: Grune & Stratton.
McAllister, T. W. (1983). Overview: Pseudodementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 528–533.
Meer, B. A., & Baker, J. A. (1966). The Stockton geriatric rating scale. Journal of Gerontology, 21, 622–626.
Meyer, V., & Turkat, I. D. (1979). Behavioral analysis of clinical cases. Journal of Behavioral Assessment, 1, 259–270.
Miller, N. C, & Cohen, G. D. (Eds.). (1981). Aging. Vol. 15: Clinical aspects of Alzheimer’s disease and senile dementia. New York: Raven.
Mishara, B. L., & Kastenbaum, R. (1980). Alcohol and old age. New York: Grune & Stratton.
Moore, J. T., Bobula, J. A., Short, T. B., & Mischel, M. (1983). A functional dementia scale. Journal of Family Practice, 16, 499–503.
Mortimer, J., & Schumann, L. (Eds.). (1981). The epidemiology of dementia. New York: Oxford University Press.
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (1982). In brief: Alcohol and the elderly (No. RPO-254). Rockville, MD: National Clearinghouse for Alcohol Information.
Neill, W. T. (1977). Inhibitory and facilitatory processes in selective attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 3, 444–450.
Nesselroade, J. R., & Reese, H. W. (Eds.). (1973). Life-span developmental psychology: Methodological issues. New York: Academic Press.
Neugarten, B. L. (1975). The future and the young-old. The Gerontologist, 15, 4–9 (Part 2).
Palmore, E. (1977). Facts on aging: A short quiz. The Gerontologist, 17, 315–320.
Parsons, O. A., & Hart, R. P. (1984). Behavioral disorders associated with central nervous system dysfunction. In H. E. Adams & P. B. Sutker (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychopathology. New York: Plenum Press.
Patterson, R. L., & Jackson, G. M. (1981). Behavioral approaches to gerontology. In L. Michelson, M. Hersen, & S. M. Turner (Eds.), Future perspectives in behavior therapy. New York: Plenum Press.
Pease, R. A. (1974). Female professional students and sexuality in the aging male. The Gerontologist, 14, 153–157.
Pfeiffer, E. (1977). Psychopathology and social psychopathology. In J. E. Buren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Pfeiffer, E. (1975). SPMSQ: Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 23, 433–441.
Pieper, H. G. (1977). Aged Americans: A profile of a growing minority. In J. R. Barry & C. R. Wingrove (Eds.), Let’s learn about aging: A book of readings. New York: Halstead.
Plutchik, R., Conte, H., & Lieberman, M. (1971). Development of a scale (GIES) for assessment of cognitive and perceptual functioning in geriatric patients. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 19, 614–623.
Plutchik, R., Conte, H., Lieberman, M. (1970). Reliability and validity of a scale for assessing the functioning of geriatric patients. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 18, 491–500.
Poon, L. W. (Ed.). (1980). Aging in the 1980s: Psychological issues. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Poon, L., Fozard, J., Cermak, L., Arenberg, D., & Thompson, L. (1980). New directions in memory and aging. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Pulec, J. L., Hodell, S. F., & Anthony, P. F. (1978). Tinnitus: Diagnosis and treatment. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology, 87, 1–13.
Query, W. T., & Megran, J. (1983). Age-related norms for AVLT in a male patient population. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39, 136–138.
Reichel, W. (Ed.). (1978). Clinical aspects of aging. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
Reisberg, B., Ferris, S. H., DeLeon, M. J., & Crook, T. (1982). The global deterioration scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 1136–1139.
Richards, W. S., & Thorpe, G. L. (1978). Behavioral approaches to the problems of later life. In M. Storandt, I. C. Siegler, & M. F. Elias (Eds.), The clinical psychology of aging. New York: Plenum Press.
Rothchild, D. (1941). Poor correlation between pathologic and clinical findings in aged. Diseases of the Nervous System, 2, 49–54.
Salzman, C, Hoffman, S. A., & Schoonover, S. C. (1983). Geriatric psychopharmacology. In E. L. Bassuk, S. C. Schoonover, & A. J. Gelenberg (Eds.), The practitioner’s guide to psychactive drugs (2nd ed.). New York: Plenum Press.
Santos, J. F., & VandenBos, G. R. (Eds.). (1982). Psychology and the older adult: Challenges for training in the 1980s. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Schaie, K. W. (1965). A general model for the study of developmental problems. Psychological Bulletin, 64, 92–107.
Schaie, K. W. (1967). Age changes and age differences. The Gerontologist, 7, 128–132.
Schneck, M. K., Reisberg, B., & Ferris, S. H. (1982). An overview of current concepts of Alzheimer’s disease. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 165–173.
Schuckit, M. A. (1977). Geriatric alcoholism and drug abuse. The Gerontologist, 17, 168–174.
Schwartz, G. E. (1982). Testing the biopsychosocial model: The ultimate challenge facing behavioral medicine? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 1040–1053.
Seltzer, B., & Sherwin, I. (1978). Organic brain syndromes: An empircal study and critical review. American Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 13–21.
Shader, R. I., Harmatz, J. S., & Salzman, C. (1974). A new scale for clinical assessment in geriatric populations: Sandoz Clinical Assessment—Geriatric (SCAG). Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 22, 107–113.
Shock, N. W. (1962). The physiology of aging. Scientific American, 206, 100–110.
Simpson, J. F., & Magee, K. R. (1973). Clinical evaluation of the nervous system. Boston: Little, Brown.
Sinex, F. M. (1975). The biochemistry of aging. In M. G. Spencer & C. J. Dorr (Eds.), Understanding aging: A multidisciplinary approach. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Skinner, B. F. (1983). Intellectual self-management in old age. American Psychologist, 38, 239–244.
Skinner, B. F., & Vaughan, M. E. (1983). Enjoy old age: A program of self-management. New York: Norton.
Smyer, M. A., & Gatz, M. (1979). Aging and mental health: Business as usual? American Psychologist, 34, 240–246.
Solomon, J. R., Faletti, M. V., & Yunik, S. S. (1982). The psychologist as geriatric clinician. In T. Millon, C. Green, & R. Meagher (Eds.), Handbook of clinical health psychology. New York: Plenum Press.
Stachnik, T. J. (1980). Priorities for psychology in medical education and health care delivery. American Psychologist, 35, 8–15.
Steel, R., & Feldman, R. G. (1979). Diagnosing dementia and its treatable causes. Geriatrics, 34, 79–88.
Steuer, J. L., & Hammen, C. L. (1983). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy for the depressed elderly: Issues and adaptations. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 7, 285–296.
Storandt, M. (1983). Understanding senile dementia: A challenge for the future. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 16, 1–6.
Storandt, M., Siegler, I. C, & Elias, M. F. (Eds.). (1978). The clinical psychology of aging. New York: Plenum Press.
Strub, R. L., & Black, F. W. (1977). The Mental Status Examination in Neurology. Philadelphia: Davis.
Strub, R. L., & Black, F. W. (1981). Organic brain syndromes. Philadelphia: Davis.
Terry, R. D., & Wisniewski, H. M. (1975). Structural and chemical changes of the aged human brain. In S. Gershon & A. Raskin (Eds.), Aging (Vol. 2). New York: Raven.
Thorndike, E. L., & Lorge, I. (1944). The teacher’s word book of 30,000 words. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University Bureau of Publications.
Tollison, C. D. (1982). Chronic benign pain: An innovative program for South Carolina. Journal of the South Carolina Medical Association, 78, 379–383.
Tomlinson, B. E., Blessed, G., & Roth, M. (1970). Observations on the brain of demented old people. Journal of Neurological Science, 11, 205–211.
Traveras, J. M., & Wood, E. H. (1976). Diagnostic neuroradiology (2nd ed.). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
Turkat, I. D., & Meyer, V. (1982). The behavior-analytic approach. In P. L. Wachtel (Ed.), Resistance: Psychodynamic and behavioral approaches. New York: Plenum Press.
Ullman, L. P., & Krasner, L. (1975). A psychological approach to abnormal behavior (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1980). Facts about older Americans 1979 (HHS Publication No. 80–20006). Washington, DC: Office of Human Development Services, Administration on Aging.
VanderArk, G. D., & Kempe, L. G. (1973). A primer of electroencephalography. New Jersey: Rocom Press.
Vestal, R. E., McGuire, E. A., Tobin, J. D., Andres, R., Norris, A. H., & Mezey, E. (1977). Aging and ethanol metabolism. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 21, 343–354.
Vital Statistics of the United States, 1970, Vol. 2, Mortality, Part A. Rockvilee, MD: U.S. Public Health Service, 1974.
Vogel, F. S. (1977). The brain and time. In E. W. Busse & E. Pfeiffer (Eds.), Behavior and adaptation in late life. Boston: Little, Brown.
Weingartner, H., Kaye, W., Smallberg, S. A., Ebert, M. H., Gillin, J. C., & Sitaram, N. (1981). Memory failures in progressive idiopathic dementia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 187–196.
Wells, C. E. (1979). Diagnosis of dementia. Psychosomatics, 20, 517–522.
Wells, C. E., & Duncan, G. W. (1977). Danger of overreliance on computerized cranial tomography. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 811–813.
Wender, P. H., Reimherr, F. W., & Wood, D. R. (1981). Attention deficit disorder in adults. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 449–456.
Wershow, H. J. (1977). Reality orientation for gerontologists: Some thoughts about senility. The Gerontologist, 17, 297–302.
White, C. B. (1982). Sexual interest, attitudes, knowledge, and sexual history in relation to sexual behavior in the institutionalized aged. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 11, 11–21.
Wilson, G. T., Franks, C. M., Brownell, K. D., & Kendah, P. C. (1984). Annual review of behavior therapy (Vol. 9). New York: Guilford.
Wilson, W. P., Musella, L., & Short, M. J. (1977). The electroencephalogram in dementia. In C. E. Wells (Ed.), Dementia (2nd Ed.). Philadelphia: Davis.
Wohlwill, J. F. (1970). The age variable in psychological research. Psychological Review, 77, 49–64.
Zimbardo, P. G., Andersen, S. M., & Kabat, L. G. (1981). Induced hearing deficit generates experimental paranoia. Science, 212, 1529–1531.
Zubek, J. P. (Ed.). (1969). Sensory deprivation: Fifteen years of research. New York: Appleton-Century-Croft.
Zuckerman, M. (1979). Sensation seeking: Beyond the optimal level of arousal. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Malatesta, V.J. (1985). Formulation of Geriatric Organic Syndromes. In: Turkat, I.D. (eds) Behavioral Case Formulation. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3644-8_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3644-8_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-3646-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-3644-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive